This paper examines the potential agricultural system vulnerability caused by the long-term, large-scale, and homogeneous promotion of resistant crops, and constructs a continuous analytical framework of “land-crop-feed-animal-disease”. It argues that resistant crops themselves are not the source of risk. Under drought, salinity, pest and disease pressure, and extreme climate conditions, resistant crops have practical value in stabilizing yield and buffering production risks. What deserves greater attention is the use of resistant varieties as substitutes for soil restoration, crop diversity, and ecological management, which may lead to ecological feedback compression and systemic compensation. As ecological translators of soil, climate, and microbial interactions, crops may carry the long-term state of the land system through both their main products and by-products, and further enter the rumen microbiome, nutritional balance, and immune foundation of ruminants through the feed chain. Based on a bounded analysis of foot-and-mouth disease, this paper distinguishes the direct cause of “viral infection and transmission” from the systemic condition of “feed-immunity-disease vulnerability”. It proposes that the prevention and control of major animal diseases should not only rely on pathogen monitoring, vaccine matching, and biosecurity, but should also attend to soil abundance, crop diversity, feed structure, and the foundational health of herds. Finally, the paper argues that agricultural evaluation should shift from seasonal yield credit to ecological credit, understood as the capacity of land, crops, animals, and humans to jointly maintain low-vulnerability operation.
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