不同密度与氮肥类型对夏玉米碳氮代谢及生长发育的影响
Effects of different planting densities and nitrogen fertilizer types on carbon and nitrogen metabolism, growth and development of summer maize
王培烨 1赵英龙 1王璐莹 1王贵彦1
作者信息
- 1. 河北农业大学农学院;华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室，河北保定 071000
- 折叠
摘要
为明确增密条件下缓释氮肥对黄淮海夏玉米碳氮代谢、产量及氮素利用效率的调控效应，2024-2025 年于河北省邯郸市曲周县开展裂区试验，设缓释氮肥（F1）、速效氮肥（F2）两种肥料类型，90000（D1）、82500（D2）、75000（D3）株/hm2三个密度水平。结果表明：种植密度升高会降低玉米穗位叶光合与氮代谢关键酶活性，提升抗氧化酶活性与丙二醛含量，加剧植株氧化胁迫，缓释氮肥可优化碳氮代谢、缓解氧化损伤；玉米地上部生物量与叶面积指数随种植密度升高而显著增加，群体氮素积累量随密度升高呈先升后降趋势，相同密度下，缓释氮肥显著提高成熟期群体与各器官干物质与氮素积累量；玉米产量随种植密度升高而升高，穗粒数随密度升高而降低，千粒重呈先升高后降低的趋势，相同密度下，缓释氮肥较速效氮肥显著增产，F1D1处理两年产量均为最高，2024年达14273.6 kg/hm2，2025年达13628.9 kg/hm2；随种植密度升高，氮肥偏生产力显著升高，氮素吸收效率呈先升高后降低趋势，相同密度下缓释氮肥处理两种效率均显著高于速效氮肥处理。
Abstract
To clarify the regulatory effects of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on carbon and nitrogen metabolism, grain yield, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of summer maize under increased planting density in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, a split-plot field experiment was conducted in Quzhou County, Handan City, Hebei Province, China, during 2024-2025. Two nitrogen fertilizer types, controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (F1) and fast-release nitrogen fertilizer (F2), and three planting densities, 90,000 (D1), 82,500 (D2), and 75,000 (D3) plants hm?2, were set. The results showed that increasing planting density decreased the activities of key enzymes involved in photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism in ear-leaves, increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde content, and aggravated oxidative stress in plants; controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer optimized carbon and nitrogen metabolism and alleviated oxidative damage. Aboveground biomass and leaf area index of maize increased significantly with increasing planting density, while population nitrogen accumulation first increased and then decreased with increasing density. At the same density, controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in the whole population and various organs at maturity. Grain yield increased with increasing planting density, kernels per ear decreased with increasing density, and 1000-kernel weight first increased and then decreased. At the same density, controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased yield compared with fast-release nitrogen fertilizer; the F1D1 treatment had the highest yield in both years, reaching 14,273.6 kg/hm2 in 2024 and 13,628.9 kg/hm2 in 2025. Partial factor productivity of nitrogen increased significantly with increasing planting density, and nitrogen uptake efficiency first increased and then decreased; at the same density, both efficiencies under controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer were significantly higher than those under fast-release nitrogen fertilizer.关键词
缓释氮肥/种植密度/产量/氮素利用效率Key words
Controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer/Planting density/Grain yield/Nitrogen use efficiency引用本文复制引用
王培烨,赵英龙,王璐莹,王贵彦.不同密度与氮肥类型对夏玉米碳氮代谢及生长发育的影响[EB/OL].(2026-05-09)[2026-05-11].http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/202605-20.学科分类
农作物/农艺学
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