A unified classification-quantification framework for bubble-like nuclei within the extended quantum molecular dynamics model
A unified classification-quantification framework for bubble-like nuclei within the extended quantum molecular dynamics model
Ge Ren 1Chun-Wang Ma 2Xi-Guang Cao 3Kai-Xuan Cheng 4Jie Pu4
作者信息
- 1. Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450046, China;Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- 2. Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450046, China;Shanghai Research Center for Theoretical Nuclear Physics, NSFC and Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- 3. Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China;Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- 4. Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- 折叠
摘要
A systematic study of relaxed low-energy cluster configurations for all nuclides listedin the AME2020 database is performed within the extended quantum molecular dynamics (EQMD) framework, with frictional cooling enabling stable relaxation. A unified classification-quantification framework based on the dimensionless parameters $BHTU$ is established to characterize bubble-like nuclear morphologies. The factor $B$, determined from the number of inflection points in the radial density profile, categorizes nuclei into droplet ($B=0$), bubble ($B=1$), and toroidal bubble ($B=2$). The parameter $H$ defines the degree of central density depletion, while $T$ and $U$ characterize the relative surface thickness and the relative size of the internal low-density region, respectively. Light nuclei are predominantly droplet-like with $B=0$, $H=0$, $T=1$, $U=0$. Most medium-mass nuclei have $B=1$, consistent with previous studies, especially in the vicinity of $^{40}$Ca and the neutron-rich region, where nuclei show a pronounced central hollowing with large $H$ and $U$ values, identifying them as prime candidates for experimental searches for bubble structures. Toroidal bubble nuclei ($B=2$), emerging for $Z\approx25$ and prevalent in heavy systems, display a local density minimum at intermediate radius together with a shell-like low-density region. Furthermore, bubble structures are found to be widespread in the superheavy region, in agreement with earlier studies. This parameter scheme not only reveals the morphological richness of nuclei but also establishes a predictive framework for exploring exotic nuclear shapes, thereby opening new avenues for future theoretical and experimental investigations.
Abstract
A systematic study of relaxed low-energy cluster configurations for all nuclides listedin the AME2020 database is performed within the extended quantum molecular dynamics (EQMD) framework, with frictional cooling enabling stable relaxation. A unified classification-quantification framework based on the dimensionless parameters $BHTU$ is established to characterize bubble-like nuclear morphologies. The factor $B$, determined from the number of inflection points in the radial density profile, categorizes nuclei into droplet ($B=0$), bubble ($B=1$), and toroidal bubble ($B=2$). The parameter $H$ defines the degree of central density depletion, while $T$ and $U$ characterize the relative surface thickness and the relative size of the internal low-density region, respectively. Light nuclei are predominantly droplet-like with $B=0$, $H=0$, $T=1$, $U=0$. Most medium-mass nuclei have $B=1$, consistent with previous studies, especially in the vicinity of $^{40}$Ca and the neutron-rich region, where nuclei show a pronounced central hollowing with large $H$ and $U$ values, identifying them as prime candidates for experimental searches for bubble structures. Toroidal bubble nuclei ($B=2$), emerging for $Z\approx25$ and prevalent in heavy systems, display a local density minimum at intermediate radius together with a shell-like low-density region. Furthermore, bubble structures are found to be widespread in the superheavy region, in agreement with earlier studies. This parameter scheme not only reveals the morphological richness of nuclei but also establishes a predictive framework for exploring exotic nuclear shapes, thereby opening new avenues for future theoretical and experimental investigations.关键词
Exotic nuclear structure/relaxed low-energy cluster configurations/classification-quantification framework/bubble-like nuclei/degree of central depletionKey words
Exotic nuclear structure/relaxed low-energy cluster configurations/classification-quantification framework/bubble-like nuclei/degree of central depletion引用本文复制引用
Ge Ren,Chun-Wang Ma,Xi-Guang Cao,Kai-Xuan Cheng,Jie Pu.A unified classification-quantification framework for bubble-like nuclei within the extended quantum molecular dynamics model[EB/OL].(2026-05-10)[2026-05-13].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202605.00077.学科分类
原子能技术基础理论
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