大型循环流化床锅炉布风均匀性的实炉试验研究
Experimental Study on Air Distribution Uniformity of a Large-Scale Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler through Full-Scale Furnace Tests
陈志远 1甘政 1钟克明 1张戎迪 2赵利永 1杨艳婷 2淡康彬 1卢啸风2
作者信息
- 1. 四川白马循环流化床示范电站有限责任公司，内江 641000
- 2. 重庆大学低品位能源利用技术及系统教育部重点实验室，重庆 400044
- 折叠
摘要
大型循环流化床锅炉在深度调峰与大比例高碱煤掺烧工况下，对布风均匀性提出了更严苛的要求，传统定性、局部的流化质量评估方法难以实现精准诊断。以一台600?MW超临界"裤衩腿"型循环流化床锅炉为对象，开展了实炉冷态布风板全覆盖网格化风速测试，并首次建立了热态一次风室高密度静压测量系统，对风帽阻力分区改造前后的布风均匀性及风室静压分布特性进行了系统研究。冷态测试结果表明，改造前左、右侧炉膛一次风速极差分别达3.76?m/s和1.57?m/s，低风速区空间位置与床料易堆积部位吻合；两侧炉膛整体离散系数分别为0.45和0.49。实施风帽阻力分区改造后，两侧炉膛整体离散系数均有所下降，前墙段和中段风速均匀性改善尤为突出，且在低负荷对应风量下仍能保持良好均匀性。热态风室静压测量结果表明，改造前风室静压由后墙进风口向前墙方向总体呈下降趋势，进风口底板附近存在高静压区，此分布特征与冷态风速不均匀态势相互印证。研究表明，布风板阻力非均匀设计与风室结构的协同优化是提升大型循环流化床锅炉布风均匀性的有效途径，所建立的冷态-热态联合评价方法可为同类机组的优化运行提供工程参考。
Abstract
Under the combined conditions of deep peak-shaving and large-proportion high-alkali coal co-firing, the air distribution uniformity of large-scale circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers is subject to increasingly stringent requirements, rendering traditional qualitative and localized fluidization quality assessment methods inadequate for accurate diagnosis. Taking a 600?MW supercritical pant-leg CFB boiler as the research object, on-site cold-state grid-based primary air velocity measurements covering the entire air distributor were carried out, and a high-density static pressure measurement system for the primary air chamber under hot conditions was established for the first time. Systematic investigations were then conducted on the air distribution uniformity and the air chamber static pressure distribution characteristics before and after the zoned retrofit of the cap resistance. The cold-state test results show that, prior to the retrofit, the range of primary air velocity reached 3.76?m/s on the left furnace leg and 1.57?m/s on the right, with the spatial location of the low-velocity zones coinciding with areas prone to bed material accumulation; the overall coefficients of variation for the two furnace legs were 0.45 and 0.49, respectively. After the zoned cap resistance retrofit was implemented, the overall coefficients of variation of both legs decreased, and the improvement in air uniformity was particularly pronounced in the front-wall section and the middle section. Moreover, good uniformity was maintained even at the air flow rate corresponding to low boiler load. The hot-state air chamber static pressure measurements indicate that, before the retrofit, the static pressure in the air chamber generally exhibited a decreasing trend from the rear-wall air inlet toward the front wall, with a high-pressure zone existing near the bottom plate of the air inlet. This pressure distribution characteristic corroborates the non-uniform primary air velocity pattern observed under cold-state conditions. The study demonstrates that the synergistic optimization of a non-uniform air distributor resistance design and the air chamber geometry constitutes an effective approach to improve air distribution uniformity in large-scale CFB boilers. The established combined cold-hot evaluation method can serve as an engineering reference for the optimized operation of similar units.关键词
工程热物理/循环流化床锅炉/布风均匀性/风帽阻力分区/风室静压Key words
thermal physics of engineering/circulating fluidized bed boiler/air distribution uniformity/zoned cap resistance/air chamber static pressure引用本文复制引用
陈志远,甘政,钟克明,张戎迪,赵利永,杨艳婷,淡康彬,卢啸风.大型循环流化床锅炉布风均匀性的实炉试验研究[EB/OL].(2026-05-15)[2026-06-10].http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/202605-77.学科分类
热力工程、热机/热工量测、热工自动控制
