亚热带四种类型森林凋落叶分解过程中磷释放规律及土壤磷组分动态
Changes in soil phosphorus fractions controlled by litter input in four subtropical forests
张名凤 1李安迪1
作者信息
- 1. 1. 福建师范大学地理科学学院，湿润亚热带生态 - 地理过程教育部重点实验室，福州 350117）
- 折叠
摘要
凋落物分解是森林磷循环的关键环节，深刻影响土壤磷组分的动态变化。我国亚热带常绿阔叶林在人为干扰下形成的次生演替或转化为人工林，改变了凋落物的输入特征，但其如何调控土壤磷组分转化过程尚不清晰。本研究以亚热带4种典型森林（45年生次生林、9年生次生林、9年生米槠人工林、9年生杉木人工林）为对象，开展原位凋落叶输入微宇宙实验，探究凋落叶分解过程中的磷释放规律及其对土壤磷组分动态的影响。结果表明：（1）不同林分凋落叶磷释放速率差异显著，经过一年分解，45年生次生林、9年生次生林、9年生米槠人工林中米槠凋落叶磷释放速率分别为90.74 %、79.80 %、67.52 %，而9年生杉木人工林中杉木凋落叶磷释放速率为13.73 %；（2）凋落叶输入后，4种林型土壤有效磷和有机磷含量均出现不同程度的下降。其中，次生林土壤有机磷降幅（18%-34%）更为显著，表明其具有更活跃的有机磷周转；（3）林型转换显著改变了无机磷的固持方向，9年生米槠和杉木人工林土壤自生钙磷含量分别增加了2.66%和11.72%，呈现出向稳定态磷转化的趋势。综上所述，森林类型转换显著改变了亚热带森林磷转化轨迹。次生林具备更高效的磷归还与有机磷周转能力，而转换为杉木人工林后，不仅抑制了凋落物磷释放，还促进了土壤磷的固定。本研究为深入理解亚热带森林经营与演替下的生物地球化学循环机制及地力维护提供了科学依据。
Abstract
Litter decomposition is a key link in the forest phosphorus (P) cycle, which profoundly affects the dynamic changes of soil P fractions. In subtropical China, evergreen broad-leaved forests have undergone secondary succession or been converted into plantations under human disturbance, which has changed the characteristics of litter input. However, how this change regulates the transformation process of soil P fractions remains unclear. In this study, four typical subtropical forests (45-year-old secondary forest, 9-year-old secondary forest, 9-year-old Castanopsis carlesii plantation, and 9-year-old Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation) were selected as research objects. An in-situ leaf litter input microcosm experiment was conducted to explore the P release pattern during litter decomposition and its impact on the dynamics of soil P fractions. The results showed that: (1) There were significant differences in the P release rates of leaf litter among different forest types. After one year of decomposition, the P release rates of Castanopsis carlesii leaf litter in the 45-year-old secondary forest, 9-year-old secondary forest, and 9-year-old Castanopsis carlesii plantation were 90.74%, 79.80%, and 67.52%, respectively, while the P release rate of Cunninghamia lanceolata leaf litter in the 9-year-old Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation was 13.73%. (2) After leaf litter input, the contents of soil available P and organic P in all four forest types decreased to varying degrees. Among them, the decrease range of soil organic P in secondary forests was 18%-34%, which was more significant, indicating that secondary forests had more active organic P turnover. (3) The conversion of forest types significantly changed the immobilization direction of inorganic P. The contents of autogenic calcium-bound P in the 9-year-old Castanopsis carlesii plantation and Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation increased by 2.66% and 11.72%, respectively, showing a trend of transformation to stable P fractions. In conclusion, the conversion of forest types significantly changed the trajectory of P transformation in subtropical forests. Secondary forests had more efficient P return and organic P turnover capacity, while the conversion to Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations not only inhibited litter P release but also promoted soil P immobilization. This study provides a scientific basis for in-depth understanding of the biogeochemical cycle mechanism and soil fertility maintenance under subtropical forest management and succession.关键词
土壤磷组分/凋落物分解/亚热带森林/杉木人工林Key words
soil phosphorus component/litter decomposition/subtropical forests/Chinese fir plantation引用本文复制引用
张名凤,李安迪.亚热带四种类型森林凋落叶分解过程中磷释放规律及土壤磷组分动态[EB/OL].(2026-05-26)[2026-05-28].http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/202605-117.学科分类
环境科学技术现状/环境科学基础理论
