白及分株种苗块茎性状对新球茎生长及冰雹灾害耐性的影响
Effect of Maternal Tuber Traits of Bletilla striata Ramet Seedlings on Neoformed Corm Growth and Hail Disaster Tolerance
郑治洪 1杨丽丽 1邹晨 1彭竹晶 1吴明开1
作者信息
- 1. 贵州省现代中药材研究所（贵州省中药材白及繁育与种植工程研究中心）
- 折叠
摘要
白及（Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Rchb.f.）为兰科多年生草本，其干燥块茎是珍稀药材。分株繁殖作为主要无性繁殖方式，不同大小的块茎种苗对移栽后生长的影响尚缺少系统量化。本研究以白及新品种"贵芨1号"的马鞍型组培驯化苗经大田种植2年后采挖的分株苗为材料，于2026年5月（球茎形成期）测量了20株样本的母块茎性状（叉状分枝长、块茎宽、块茎厚）、新生球茎性状（直径、厚）、地上部性状（茎长、茎粗、叶片数、叶长、叶宽）以及冰雹灾害后的叶片受损程度，并按母块茎大小将样本划分为大、中、小三组进行比较。结果发现：母块茎叉状分枝长、块茎宽和块茎厚均与新生球茎直径呈极显著正相关（P<0.01），其中块茎厚的相关系数最高（*r*?=0.895）；母块茎厚与完整叶片数也呈显著正相关（*r*?=0.541，P<0.05）。大苗组新生球茎直径均值（3.29 cm）是小苗组（1.48 cm）的2.22倍，大苗组完整叶片数（3.50片/株）亦极显著高于小苗组（1.67片/株）。结果表明，白及分株种苗的母块茎性状，尤其是块茎厚度，是决定移栽后新生球茎生长和冰雹后叶片留存能力的关键因子，可作为种苗质量分级的核心指标。本研究为白及分株种苗的质量评价与分级标准制定提供了科学依据。
Abstract
Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Rchb.f. is a perennial herb of the Orchidaceae family, and its pseudobulb is a valuable Chinese medicinal material. Ramet propagation remains the predominant asexual propagation method in production, yet how tuber size affects post-transplant growth performance has not been systematically quantified. In this study, ramet seedlings were obtained from two-year-old field-grown plants (originally \'Guiji 1\' saddle-type tissue-cultured seedlings planted in 2023 and excavated in May 2025). In May 2026 (corm formation stage), 20 individuals were measured for maternal tuber traits (dichotomous branch length, tuber width, tuber thickness), neoformed corm traits (diameter, thickness), aboveground traits (stem length, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width), and leaf damage after a hailstorm. Seedlings were further classified into large, medium, and small groups based on maternal tuber size. Results showed that maternal tuber dichotomous branch length, width, and thickness were all highly significantly positively correlated with neoformed corm diameter (P<0.01), with tuber thickness showing the strongest correlation (*r*?=0.895). Maternal tuber thickness was also significantly positively correlated with the number of intact leaves (*r*?=0.541, P<0.05). Mean neoformed corm diameter in the large-seedling group (3.29 cm) was 2.22 times that in the small-seedling group (1.48 cm), and intact leaf number was also significantly higher in the large-seedling group (3.50 leaves/plant) than in the small-seedling group (1.67 leaves/plant). These findings indicate that maternal tuber traits, particularly tuber thickness, are key determinants of neoformed corm growth and hail tolerance after transplanting, and can serve as a core indicator for seedling grading. This study provides a scientific basis for quality evaluation and grading standard establishment of B. striata ramet seedlings.关键词
白及/分株繁殖/母块茎性状/新生球茎/种苗质量Key words
Bletilla striata/ramet propagation/maternal tuber traits/neoformed corm/seedling quality引用本文复制引用
郑治洪,杨丽丽,邹晨,彭竹晶,吴明开.白及分株种苗块茎性状对新球茎生长及冰雹灾害耐性的影响[EB/OL].(2026-05-28)[2026-06-03].http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/202605-128.学科分类
农作物
