自动驾驶信任的影响因素与文化调节效应： 基于元分析的证据
Influencing Factors of Trust in Autonomous Driving and the Moderating Effect of Culture: Evidence Based on Meta-Analysis
摘要
为厘清自动驾驶信任的影响因素，对纳入的134项研究进行元分析，从个人特质、主观感知、技术特性和交通环境四个维度归纳出16个对自动驾驶信任具有显著影响的因素。结果表明，对自动驾驶的态度、社会影响、感知收益、感知安全性、系统透明度及交通密度与自动驾驶信任强相关。文化背景在部分路径中发挥调节作用。本研究构建了自动驾驶信任的理论框架，为自动驾驶系统的跨文化适配和人机交互设计提供理论与实践支持。
Abstract
With the rapid development of autonomous driving technology, research on the factors influencing trust in autonomous driving has increased. However, due to differences in sample data and social contexts, there are inconsistencies in the direction and strength of these factors' effects on trust. Therefore, this study aims to identify the key factors that influence trust in autonomous driving, standardize their effects, and explore the moderating role of cultural context. This will lead to the creation of an analytical framework that balances theoretical insight with practical relevance.Meta-analysis is a research method that statistically re-examines existing empirical findings. In this study, a literature search and screening were first conducted, including 134 studies in the meta-analysis. Next, data coding and extraction were performed, analyzing 265 effect sizes. The 20 influencing factors were then categorized into four dimensions: individual characteristics, subjective perceptions, technical features, and traffic environment. Additionally, the study assessed publication bias using the Inverse Safety Coefficient, Egger's regression coefficient, and Begg's test. Heterogeneity was analyzed with the Q-test and I test. Finally, main effect tests were conducted, and subgroup analysis was used to explore moderating effects.The research results indicate that 16 factors are significantly associated with trust in autonomous driving, distributed across the four dimensions mentioned above. Among these, the traffic environment dimension exhibits the strongest correlation with trust in autonomous driving. Specifically, factors such as attitude toward autonomous driving, social influence, perceived benefits, perceived safety, system transparency, and traffic density show a strong positive correlation with trust. In contrast, factors including perceived risk, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, humanization, reliability, explainability, and automation level exhibit moderate correlations with trust. However, the correlations with driving experience, gender, and education level are relatively weak. Furthermore, cultural background plays a critical role in moderating these relationships, especially in the moderation of the relationship between gender, perceived risk, perceived ease of use, and trust in autonomous driving.Through a comprehensive meta-analysis, we developed an integrated analytical framework for understanding trust in autonomous driving, which encompasses four critical dimensions: individual characteristics, subjective perceptions, technical features, and traffic environment. The framework establishes a systematic theoretical foundation for exploring the mechanisms underlying the formation of trust in autonomous driving. In addition, we identified and clarified the hierarchical relationships of effect strengths across these dimensions and key variables, a finding that provides guidance for prioritizing technological optimizations and formulating targeted promotion strategies. Furthermore, the examination of the moderating effect of cultural context elucidates the variability observed in prior research, offering a theoretical rationale for implementing differentiated promotion strategies tailored to diverse cultural contexts. Lastly, a thorough review of the existing literature highlights a predominant focus on mediating variables, such as personal self-perception, with numerous studies investigating their mediating roles within the external stimuluspersonal self-perceptiontrust in autonomous driving logical framework.This study provides valuable insights that can guide the research and development direction of autonomous vehicle manufacturers. It emphasizes the importance of enhancing the functional design of transparency and anthropomorphic features within autonomous driving systems. Furthermore, it advocates for the integration of design considerations that address the variability of traffic environments, as well as the diverse user priorities shaped by different cultural contexts, in order to foster greater user trust and facilitate the widespread adoption of the technology.关键词
自动驾驶信任/影响因素/元分析/调节效应Key words
trust in autonomous driving/influencing factors/meta-analysis/moderating effects引用本文复制引用
徐琳,郭天娇.自动驾驶信任的影响因素与文化调节效应： 基于元分析的证据[EB/OL].(2026-06-10)[2026-06-13].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202606.00087.学科分类
自动化技术、自动化技术设备/自动化基础理论
