肝细胞癌三维建模中的支架材料选择：从病理适配到工程决策
Scaffold Material Selection in 3D Modeling of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Pathological Adaptation to Engineering Decisions
杜兰芳 1谭志凯1
作者信息
- 1. 湖南大学生物学院，长沙，410082;湖大粤港澳大湾区创新研究院，广州，511300
- 折叠
摘要
肝细胞癌（HCC）的发生发展高度依赖于纤维化/肝硬化背景下高刚度、CD44高表达及M2型巨噬细胞富集的特异微环境，这对三维体外模型的支架材料选择提出了极高要求。本文系统综述了HCC三维建模中各类支架材料的特性与适配策略。天然材料方面，透明质酸可通过CD44信号调控干性，肝脏脱细胞基质可保留肝硬化特征，纤维蛋白能主动诱导免疫抑制表型，而Matrigel因缺乏肝特异性及批次差异大，不推荐作为首选。合成材料如PEG、PLGA、PCL虽力学可控，但需经RGD修饰或与天然材料复合以赋予生物活性。复合策略已成为主流，以兼顾仿生性与力学可调性。当前研究面临材料标准化缺失、病因特异性模型不足、动态响应系统缺乏等挑战。未来应开发病理驱动的新型智能材料，精简患者来源脱细胞基质配方，推动从经验试错向工程决策转变，以实现高预测效度的HCC体外模型构建与精准治疗。
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) typically develops within a fibrotic or cirrhotic microenvironment characterized by high matrix stiffness, elevated CD44 expression, and an abundance of M2-polarized macrophages. These pathological features impose stringent demands on the selection of three-dimensional scaffold materials for in vitro modeling. This review systematically evaluates the properties and context-dependent suitability of various scaffold systems. Hyaluronic acid supports the maintenance of cancer stemness; decellularized liver matrix preserves native cirrhotic cues; fibrin promotes an immunosuppressive, M2-skewed phenotype. Conversely, Matrigel is discouraged as a primary matrix due to its limited pathological relevance. Synthetic materials require functionalization to achieve bioactivity, and composite strategies have increasingly become the standard. Persistent challenges include the lack of material standardization and the absence of dynamic, stimuli-responsive systems. Future efforts should prioritize pathology-driven, smart materials that move beyond empirical trial-and-error toward engineering-driven design, thereby enabling high-predictivity HCC models.关键词
生物医学工程学/肝细胞癌微环境/支架材料仿生设计Key words
Biomedical engineering/Hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment/Biomimetic design of scaffold materials引用本文复制引用
杜兰芳,谭志凯.肝细胞癌三维建模中的支架材料选择：从病理适配到工程决策[EB/OL].(2026-06-12)[2026-06-15].http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/202606-42.学科分类
生物工程学/生物科学研究方法、生物科学研究技术
