城市绿地植物花粉致敏原蛋白及异源表达研究进展
Research Progress on Heterologous Expression Systems for Plant-Derived Allergenic Proteins
张静 1高乐2
作者信息
- 1. 长春理工大学生命科学技术学院，长春市 130000
- 2. 长春理工大学生命科学技术学院，吉林省长春市 130000
- 折叠
摘要
随着城市绿地面积不断扩大，绿地植物花粉引发的致敏风险显著上升。花粉致敏蛋白可经空气传播，严重威胁过敏人群健康。通过体外抗原抗体反应来筛查过敏人群已经越来越成为一项重要的检测项目。因此，高效制备致敏原蛋白作为检测用的标准品是当前的技术难点，而异源表达技术则是核心研究方向。目前已从柏树、豚草、法国梧桐、艾蒿和桦树的植物花粉中，分离并鉴定出多种同工型过敏原蛋白。对于致敏原蛋白的表达体系研究涌现出许多创新性研究：在原核表达体系，克隆出IgE结合活性最强的Amb a 1.01同工型基因，对其进行大肠杆菌密码子偏好性优化，插入pGEX-6p-1表达载体，转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌株后，表达产量显著高于未优化前的表达水平；对于真核表达体系，Bet v 1在本氏烟草中实现了瞬时表达，是目前植物中该变应原的最高产量。研究团队通过优化原核、真核、植物三类表达体系，有效解决了重组蛋白活性低，产量少的问题。本文旨在系统综述这些前沿成果，揭示当前利用基因工程技术攻克植物来源的致敏原蛋白异源表达体系构建及优化的研究前景，为未来的科学研究和工业化生产提供参考。
Abstract
With the continuous expansion of urban green spaces, the allergic risk posed by plant pollen has significantly increased. Pollen allergenic proteins can be transmitted through the air, posing a serious threat to the health of allergic populations. Screening allergic populations through in vitro antigen-antibody reactions has increasingly become an important diagnostic approach. Therefore, the efficient preparation of allergen proteins as reference standards for detection is currently a major technical challenge, and heterologous expression technology represents the core research direction.To date, multiple isoforms of allergenic proteins have been isolated and identified from the pollen of cypress (Cupressus), ragweed (Ambrosia), plane tree (Platanus), mugwort (Artemisia), and birch (Betula). Innovative research has emerged in the study of allergen protein expression systems: In prokaryotic expression systems, the Amb a 1.01 isoform gene, which exhibits the strongest IgE-binding activity, was cloned, codon-optimized for E. coli preferences, inserted into the pGEX-6p-1 expression vector, and transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3) cells, yielding significantly higher expression levels than the unoptimized counterpart. In eukaryotic expression systems, Bet v 1 has achieved transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana, representing the highest reported yield of this allergen in plants to date. Research teams have effectively resolved the problems of low activity and low yield of recombinant proteins by optimizing prokaryotic, eukaryotic, and plant-based expression systems.This review aims to systematically summarize these cutting-edge achievements, elucidate the current research prospects for constructing and optimizing heterologous expression systems for plant-derived allergen proteins using genetic engineering technology, and provide a reference for future scientific research and industrial production.关键词
植物学/致敏原蛋白/重组蛋白/异源表达体系Key words
Botany/Allergen protein/Recombinant protein/Heterologous expression system引用本文复制引用
张静,高乐.城市绿地植物花粉致敏原蛋白及异源表达研究进展[EB/OL].(2026-06-24)[2026-06-27].http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/202606-68.学科分类
生物科学研究方法、生物科学研究技术/植物学/生物工程学/基础医学/医学研究方法
