LLMs and Agentic AI Systems for Smart Grids: A Tutorial on Architectures and Applications
Daniela Rojas Abdulwahab Albassam Aidan G. Leung Jett Ngo Ryan Luo Peter R. Quawas Junpyung Kim Kangkai Liang Mansi Nanavati Jonathan Mai Meng-Chi Tsai Yun-Tong Tsai Yize Chen Yuanyuan Shi
作者信息
Abstract
Large language models (LLMs) and agentic AI systems have evolved from natural language tasks to using external tools to plan, retrieve, and act in technical domains. In smart grids, recent work applies agentic schemes to forecasting, optimization, and control, wrapping trusted solvers behind language interfaces and orchestrating multi-step workflows. The literature lacks a unified approach to designing and evaluating such systems. LLMs can produce numerically plausible yet physically infeasible outputs, evaluation protocols vary across tasks, and the boundary between what the model should and should not compute is implicit. This paper presents a solver-grounded design principle: a numerical result is reported only when it originates from a trusted tool and passes explicit verification. We review the building blocks of LLM and agentic AI systems for power systems: prompting strategies and agentic architectures. We instantiate the principle in four case studies: wind power forecasting, EV charging scheduling, power flow analysis, and contingency diagnosis, each comparing an LLM-only baseline against its solver-grounded counterpart on identical data and metrics. EVAgent reproduces the CVXPY optimum while reducing LLM-only unmet energy by 7.5-9.5x, and GridDebugAgent repairs 17/39 contingency cases while reducing total violations by 52.3%. We propose a four-group evaluation framework spanning task utility, solver-grounded correctness, faithfulness and safe failure, and cost and latency. A consistent division of labor emerges: the agentic system reliably orchestrates, retrieves, and explains, while trusted tools compute and a verification gate decides what is reported.引用本文复制引用
Daniela Rojas,Abdulwahab Albassam,Aidan G. Leung,Jett Ngo,Ryan Luo,Peter R. Quawas,Junpyung Kim,Kangkai Liang,Mansi Nanavati,Jonathan Mai,Meng-Chi Tsai,Yun-Tong Tsai,Yize Chen,Yuanyuan Shi.LLMs and Agentic AI Systems for Smart Grids: A Tutorial on Architectures and Applications[EB/OL].(2026-07-20)[2026-08-10].https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.18147.学科分类
输配电工程/自动化技术、自动化技术设备/电工基础理论
