杜加迎 1王宁 1李东泽 1刘群 1彭斌 1石多泽 1陈略 1张科 2胡明芳 2赵振勇2
作者信息
- 1. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049;中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
- 2. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
- 折叠
摘要
土壤盐碱化是我国面临的重要土地退化问题，也是制约干旱、半干旱区农业可持续发展的主要问题。盐碱地土壤结构不良、肥力差、生物活力低等障碍，导致作物生长困难、土地产能低。优化土壤结构和提升肥力是盐碱地改良的核心，也直接关系到盐碱地的农业利用潜力。本研究以中重度盐碱地适生先锋植物草木樨（Melilotus suaveolens）为对象，通过对节水滴灌种植下盐碱地土壤结构、土壤肥力的变化分析，探究现代节水滴灌种植模式下盐碱地生物改良效果。结果表明：草木樨种植后，0 ~20 cm 表层土壤容重显著下降（P=0.015）、土壤水稳定性团聚体粒径变化不明显；土壤耕层盐分降低了4 .469 g·kg-1，八大离子中除HCO-3外，其余离子在土壤0 ~20 cm 耕层均呈下降趋势；0 ~60 cm 土层全氮含量显著提高（P=0.03），但全钾含量减少，有机质、硝态氮和铵态氮含量减少，全磷含量变化不明显。草木樨作为两年生的耐盐先锋植物，在第一年生长季即表现出较好的增肥改土作用。研究表明，西北内陆干旱区新垦中重度盐碱地种植豆科耐盐先锋植物草木樨，可起到快速培肥和改土的效果。
Abstract
Soil salinization is an important issue of land degradation in China and a major problem constraining sustainable agricultural development in arid and semi-arid regions.Barriers such as poor soil structure,low fertility,and reduced biological activity in saline-alkali soils lead to difficulties in crop growth and low land productivity.Optimizing soil structure and enhancing fertility are central to the improvement of saline-alkali lands and are directly related to the agricultural utilization potential of such lands.This study focuses on the salt-tolerant pioneer plant Metilotus suaverolens in moderately to severely saline-alkali lands.By analyzing changes in soil structure and fertility under water-saving drip irrigation cultivation,it explores the effects of biological improvement in saline-alkali lands under modern water-saving drip irrigation cultivation models.The results show that after planting Metilotus suaverolens,the bulk density of the 0-20 cm surface soil layer decreased significantly (P=0.015),while no significant change was observed in the particle size distribution of water-stable soil aggregates. The salt content in the 0-20 cm cultivated layer decreased by 4.469 gkg-1,and among the eight major ions,all except HCO3-showed a decreasing trend in this layer.The total nitrogen content in the 0-60 cm soil layer increased significantly (P=0 .03),while total potassium content decreased.Organic matter,nitrate nitrogen,and ammonium nitrogen contents also decreased,and no significant change was observed in total phosphorus content.as a biennial salt-tolerant pioneer plant,exhibited substantial soil improvement and fertility enhancement effects during its first growing season.Subsequent straw return and nitrogen mineralization processes are expected to further improve soil fertility and structure.This study demonstrates that cultivating salt-tolerant leguminous pioneer plants like Metlilotus suaverolens in newly reclaimed moderate-to-severe saline-alkali soils of arid inland northwest China can effectively achieve rapid soil fertility improvement and amelioration.关键词
盐碱地/草木樨/土壤盐分阻控/土壤培肥Key words
saline-alkali land/Metlilotus suaverolens/soil salinity control/improvement of soil fertility引用本文复制引用
杜加迎,王宁,李东泽,刘群,彭斌,石多泽,陈略,张科,胡明芳,赵振勇.盐碱地草木樨种植的改土培肥效果[EB/OL].(2026-07-23)[2026-07-28].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202607.00195.学科分类
农业科学研究/农艺学/农作物/环境科学理论/环境污染、环境污染防治
