亲社会决策中的直觉竞争与审慎调节
Intuitive competition and deliberative regulation in prosocial decision-making
摘要
双过程理论是理解亲社会决策认知机制的重要框架。围绕直觉和审慎加工在亲社会行为中的相对作用，早期研究形成了不同的理论取向：反思模型认为亲社会行为依赖于审慎加工对自私直觉的抑制，而亲社会性直觉模型则主张亲社会行为主要源于直觉加工，审慎思考反而可能引发利己计算。尽管两个模型在结论上存在分歧，但均隐含“单一直觉激活—审慎纠正”的基本假设。社会启发式假说通过将直觉理解为社会经验规则的内化，为直觉的来源及其情境可变性提供了重要解释，但难以解释决策中存在的冲突体验以及审慎加工作用方向不一致等现象。基于此，混合模型提出决策过程中可能并行激活多种直觉反应，行为结果首先取决于不同直觉间的相对强度竞争，而审慎加工则作为一个多功能系统的冲突调节系统，根据直觉冲突程度灵活发挥控制、生成、合理化与调节等作用。本文整合了社会启发式假说与混合模型，指出前者解释了直觉的经验来源，后者刻画了直觉的动态加工机制，从而构建一个整合“启发式形成—多重直觉竞争—审慎调节”的认知框架。该框架将研究重心从“何种加工模式占据主导”转向“多种直觉如何被激活、竞争，以及系统间如何动态交互”，为整合既往矛盾发现提供了更具包容性的理论框架。
Abstract
Dual-process theory provides an important framework for understanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying prosocial decision-making. Early research on the relative roles of intuitive and deliberative processing in prosocial behavior has generated two major theoretical accounts. The reflective model posits that prosocial behavior requires deliberative control to override selfish intuitions. In contrast, the intuitive model of prosociality proposes that prosocial tendencies primarily stem from intuitive processing, with deliberation potentially prompting more self-interested calculations. Despite their opposing conclusions, both models are built upon the same assumption of single-intuition activation followed by deliberative correction. The Social Heuristics Hypothesis (SHH) advanced this debate by reconceptualizing intuition as the internalization of social acquired rules, thereby explaining the experiential origins of intuition and its contextual variability. However, SHH has difficulty explaining conflict experiences during decision-making and the inconsistent effects of deliberative processing. Based on this, the Hybrid Model proposes that multiple intuitive responses can be activated in parallel, with behavior initially determined by the competition among them based on their relative strength. Deliberative processing is thus reconceptualized as a multifunctional conflict-regulation system that flexibly exerts control, generates alternatives, provides justification, or regulates ongoing processing depending on the degree of intuitive conflict. This review integrates the SHH and the Hybrid Model, arguing that whereas the former explains the experiential origins of intuitions, the latter characterizes their dynamic processing, thereby proposing an integrative cognitive framework of Heuristic Formation Multi-Intuition Competition Deliberative Regulation. This framework shifts the research focus from which processing mode dominates to how multiple intuitions are activated, compete, and dynamically interact with the deliberative system, offering a more inclusive theoretical framework for reconciling previously inconsistent findings.关键词
亲社会决策/反思模型/亲社会性直觉模型/社会启发式假说/混合模型Key words
Prosocial decision-making/reflective model/intuitive model of prosociality/Social Heuristics Hypothesis/Hybrid Model引用本文复制引用
.亲社会决策中的直觉竞争与审慎调节[EB/OL].(2026-07-31)[2026-08-19].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202608.00001.学科分类
自然科学研究方法/系统科学、系统技术
