提取练习在临床人群中的应用研究：一项系统综述
Retrieval practice in clinical populations: A systematic review
摘要
提取练习(Retrieval Practice)是通过测试、自由回忆等方式从记忆系统中提取信息以提高记忆效率的策略。部分临床患者可能存在记忆或认知能力的缺陷。本文首次系统梳理了2020年1月至2025年7月提取练习在临床人群中的研究，最终纳入22篇文献。结果显示，提取练习在临床人群中表现出良好的适用性，可改善记忆、语言障碍等认知损伤。基于已有研究，本综述初步提出提取练习的效果可能受以下三方面因素的调节：(1)疾病核心认知缺陷的类型；(2)学习材料的复杂性和生态性；(3)是否有其他治疗手段。未来可对上述调节因素进行深入验证，并同时关注共病人群、提取练习的间接效应及个体差异等问题。在临床转化方面可通过明确干预目标、加强指导与宣教、采用渐进式实施策略三方面措施，提升提取练习的临床应用性。
Abstract
Retrieval practice is a learning strategy that improves memory efficiency by actively retrieving information from memory, typically through testing or free recall. Some clinical populations often present with memory or other cognitive impairments. This paper provides the first systematic review of research on retrieval practice in clinical populations. It covers studies published between January 2020 and July 2025 and includes 22 studies in total. The findings show that retrieval practice appears applicable to various clinical groups and alleviates cognitive deficits including memory and language impairments. However, for certain conditions, its effectiveness may be moderated by the core cognitive deficits inherent to these disorders, the complexity and ecological validity of the learning materials, and the presence of concurrent therapeutic interventions. Future studies could further explore these moderating factors and examine interventions for comorbid conditions, indirect benefits, and the role of individual differences. To advance clinical translation, it is recommended to clarify intervention goals, enhance guidance and education, and adopt a stepwise implementation strategy, thereby strengthening the clinical applicability of retrieval practice.关键词
提取练习/临床/记忆/认知康复Key words
retrieval practice/clinical/memory/cognitive rehabilitation引用本文复制引用
.提取练习在临床人群中的应用研究：一项系统综述[EB/OL].(2026-08-07)[2026-08-19].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202608.00005.学科分类
临床医学/医学研究方法
