Paper retraction is a crucial component of research integrity governance, and its effectiveness depends on the precise definition and standardized application of retraction reasons. Currently, the reasons for retracting academic papers in practice suffer from issues such as chaotic terminology usage, ambiguous attribution of causes, and deviations in functional positioning, leading to irregularities and disorder in the application of retraction reasons. This study employs a combination of comparative analysis and case study methods to systematically review and compare typical domestic and international norms related to paper retraction, analyzing the current state and limitations of standardization in defining reasons for academic paper retraction. Building on this, the study proposes a standardization implementation strategy for defining retraction reasons from three dimensions: classification system construction, national standard formulation, and terminology knowledge base development, aiming to provide theoretical reference and practical pathways for constructing a standardized framework for academic paper retraction reasons and optimizing the paper retraction mechanism.
