A Comparative Study on the Construction and Operation Models of Computing Power Networks with Power Grids and Communication Networks in China and Abroad
The construction and operational model of the computing power network is still under exploration and formation. Using the functional isomorphic framework of "resource supply side—network transmission side—scheduling and operation side—terminal demand side" as an analytical tool, this paper systematically compares the institutional arrangements of domestic and international computing power networks with power grids and communication networks in terms of construction entities, investment mechanisms, network governance, scheduling and trading, price formation, and universal service. The study finds that China's computing power network construction exhibits the characteristics of "national strategic guidance plus multi-entity joint construction," with the "East Data West Computing" project and the nationwide integrated computing power network layout logically inheriting the national system experience of power grids' "West Power East Delivery" and communication networks' "universal service." In contrast, the U.S. computing power infrastructure is primarily driven by market-oriented investments from tech giants, while the EU adopts a public-private partnership model of "joint ventures plus hierarchical access," forming a stark contrast to China's "hub clusters plus unified scheduling" model. Due to the storable nature of computing power resources, the spatial-temporal transferability of tasks, and the non-convergent standards, the computing power network cannot entirely replicate the models of power grids and communication networks. Instead, it should follow a differentiated path of "computing-electricity synergy, computing-network convergence, unified measurement, and hierarchical operation." Finally, policy recommendations are proposed from five aspects: planning coordination, market development, pricing mechanisms, universal service, and green synergy.
关键词
算力网/电力网/通信网/基础设施建设/运营模式/比较研究
Key words
Computing power network/ Power grid/ Communication network/ Infrastructure construction/ Operation model/ comparative study
