测氡仪现场校准基准的影响因素研究
Study on Factors Influencing the Reference Standard for Field Calibration of Radon Meters
周宇 1丁卫撑 1于兵 2朱佳苗 3李庆靓1
作者信息
- 1. 成都理工大学
- 2. 中国测试技术研究院
- 3. 上海市地震局
- 折叠
摘要
针对测氡仪现场校准需求，建立一种基于标准测氡仪结合天然豁免密封氡源的现场校准方法，研究了标准测氡仪环境适应性与豁免天然氡源长期稳定性两大关键影响因素。通过对天然豁免密封氡源长期监测，评估其长期氡浓度稳定性与辐射剂量安全性。采用相对测量法同步对比测试温度、湿度、气压对PQ2000、DF2000和HS03B三台标准测氡仪计量性能的影响。结果表明：固体氡源封存稳定后，通过每月监测一次的全年监测数据表明，相对标准偏差可控制在3.5%左右。其外辐射剂量为环境正常水平。HS03B重复性略优于PQ2000和DF2000；HS03B受环境气压影响不明显，而DF2000和PQ2000需要进行气压修正才能避免使用地与溯源地气压不一致带来的对计量性能影响；湿度对三款标准测氡仪影响均不明显；温度对三款标准测氡仪有一定的影响。通过实测数据表明标准测氡仪和天然豁免密封氡源计量性能均满足JJG825-2013测氡仪检定规程的要求。因此采用标准测氡仪和天然豁免源作为现场测氡仪校准基准具有操作简便、流程安全、质量可控、计量可溯源等优点。
Abstract
[Background] Accurate calibration of radon meters is essential for ensuring measurement reliability in environmental radiation monitoring, earthquake observation, geological exploration, and nuclear resource prospecting. Conventional calibration methods mainly rely on laboratory radon chambers, which are often unsuitable for frequent verification, maintenance calibration, or field applications in remote and restricted-access locations. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the factors influencing the field calibration reference standard is essential. [Purpose] This study aimed to develop and validate a field calibration technique for radon meters based on a combination of a traceable standard radon meter and an exempt sealed natural radon source, and to evaluate its stability, radiation safety, and environmental adaptability. [Methods] Four sealed natural radon source systems containing low-grade uranium ore were constructed, including one 90 L tank and three 8 L tanks. Long-term monitoring was conducted to assess radon concentration stability and radiation safety. Three standard radon meters (HS03B, PQ2000, and DF2000) were selected as transfer standards. Controlled experiments were performed to investigate the effects of temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure on instrument performance using a relative measurement method. Radon concentration data were corrected using environmental compensation models and statistically analyzed. [Results] The sealed natural radon sources achieved radioactive equilibrium after approximately 38 days and exhibited stable radon outputs during a 15-month monitoring period. The corrected relative standard deviations of radon concentration were between 1.72% and 4.35%, satisfying the requirements of JJG 8252013. The annual effective dose around the source tanks ranged from 0.67 to 0.94 mSva, meeting exemption criteria for public exposure. Environmental tests showed that humidity had negligible effects on all three standard radon meters, whereas temperature significantly influenced their responses. Atmospheric pressure markedly affected PQ2000 and DF2000 measurements but had little impact on HS03B. Among the three instruments, HS03B demonstrated the best repeatability under varying environmental conditions, with relative standard deviations of 1.33%, 1.66%, and 1.50% in pressure, humidity, and temperature experiments, respectively. [Conclusions] The proposed field calibration method based on a standard radon meter and an exempt natural sealed radon source provides a safe, convenient, cost-effective, and traceable calibration solution. The long-term stability of the radon source and the environmental adaptability of the standard radon meter satisfy the requirements for field calibration, making the method suitable for applications in earthquake monitoring stations, underground military facilities, and other special environments where laboratory calibration is impractical.关键词
测氡仪/现场校准/豁免天然氡源/环境补偿/稳定性分析Key words
radon meter/on-site calibration/exempt natural radon source/environmental compensation/stability analysis引用本文复制引用
周宇,丁卫撑,于兵,朱佳苗,李庆靓.测氡仪现场校准基准的影响因素研究[EB/OL].(2026-09-11)[2026-09-16].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202609.00114.学科分类
粒子探测技术、辐射探测技术、核仪器仪表
