丘脑-皮质环路调控 精神分裂症感觉门控障碍的机制
Mechanisms of thalamocortical circuit regulation of sensory gating and its deficits in schizophrenia
曹玉姗 1陈伟海1
作者信息
- 1. 认知与人格教育部重点实验室;西南大学心理学部
- 折叠
摘要
感觉门控是指中枢神经系统自动过滤不相关感觉刺激，从而使大脑集中认知资源、加工处理重要信息的保护机制。精神分裂症患者普遍存在感觉门控功能障碍，表现为无法有效过滤无关感觉信息。越来越多的文献表明丘脑-皮质环路对精神分裂症感觉门控障碍起重要的调控作用。丘脑网状核是大脑门户的“守门人”，该核团的γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）能神经元通过调节丘脑-皮质间的信息传递，在感觉门控中发挥核心作用。本文理论模型假设听觉皮质谷氨酸能神经元兴奋丘脑网状核GABA能神经元，这些GABA能神经元一方面可能抑制内侧膝状体，阻断后继的声音干扰，保护已进入听觉皮质的声音加工过程，另一方面也可能抑制高阶丘脑兴奋性神经元，使其超极化并解除T型钙离子通道失活，从而产生反弹性爆发放电并起到过滤第二个刺激的作用。我们推测注意状态下，丘脑兴奋性神经元前馈激活前额叶皮质第L2/3的GABA能神经元（PV+），可能促进内侧前额叶的同步振荡，从而构成感觉门控的前馈抑制环路。分子机制层面，N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）受体和GABA受体功能减退破坏丘脑-皮质环路兴奋/抑制平衡和gamma振荡同步性，削弱感觉门控能力。本综述系统整合了丘脑的双重放电模式以及皮质自上而下地调节感觉门控的神经环路机制，为理解精神分裂症认知障碍的神经生物学基础提供了重要依据。
Abstract
Sensory gating refers to a protective mechanism by which the central nervous system automatically filters out irrelevant sensory stimuli, thereby enabling the brain to concentrate cognitive resources on processing significant information. Patients with schizophrenia commonly exhibit sensory gating deficits, characterized by an inability to effectively filter out extraneous sensory information. A growing body of evidence indicates that the thalamocortical circuit plays a critical role in sensory gating and its impairment in schizophrenia. Acting as the "gatekeeper" of the brain, the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) modulates information transmission between the thalamus and the cortex via its -aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons, playing a central role in sensory gating. The theoretical model proposed in this paper proposes that glutamatergic neurons in the auditory cortex excite GABAergic neurons in the TRN. These GABAergic neurons may, on one hand, inhibit the medial geniculate nucleus, blocking subsequent auditory interference and protecting ongoing auditory processing in the auditory cortex. On the other hand, they may also inhibit excitatory neurons in the higher-order thalamus, causing hyperpolarization and de-inactivation of T-type calcium channels, which subsequently generates rebound burst firing. These thalamic excitatory neurons then feedforward to activate GABAergic neurons (PV+) in layers L2/3 of the prefrontal cortex, promoting synchronous oscillations in the medial prefrontal cortex. At the molecular level, hypofunction of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and GABA receptors disrupts the excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance and gamma oscillation synchrony within the thalamocortical circuit, thereby impairing sensory gating capabilities. This review systematically integrates the dual firing modes of the thalamus and the top-down cortical regulatory mechanisms of sensory gating, providing a critical foundation for understanding the neurobiological basis of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.关键词
丘脑-皮质环路/丘脑网状核/感觉门控/gamma振荡Key words
thalamocortical circuits/thalamic reticular nucleus/sensory gating/gamma oscillation引用本文复制引用
曹玉姗,陈伟海.丘脑-皮质环路调控 精神分裂症感觉门控障碍的机制[EB/OL].(2026-09-14)[2026-09-17].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202609.00155.学科分类
神经病学、精神病学
