短期和长期社会排斥对情绪体验和情绪信息加工的影响
The effects of short-term and long-term social exclusion on emotional experience and information processing
党薇 1冉丹阳 2方素贞 1刘玉萍 1李帅霞 1何蔚祺1
作者信息
- 1. 辽宁师范大学心理与脑科学研究院;辽宁省脑与认知神经科学重点实验室
- 2. 辽宁师范大学心理与脑科学研究院;首都师范大学心理学院;辽宁省脑与认知神经科学重点实验室
- 折叠
摘要
社会排斥作为影响个体心理健康的关键压力源，对情绪体验和情绪信息加工的影响受排斥时间与发生频率的调节。短期社会排斥常诱发社会疼痛、悲伤与愤怒等即时消极情绪，但在高唤醒、高自我相关情境下易引发情绪麻木等前瞻性防御反应。长期社会排斥除诱发消极情绪外，还呈现阶段特异性：青少年期易出现焦虑和情绪失调；青年期表现出孤独和抑郁倾向；成年期表现为组织归属感剥夺与职业焦虑；老年期则陷入孤独与抑郁情绪的恶性循环。在情绪信息加工上，短期排斥会依据情境中关系修复的可能性激活再联结或自我保护动机，表现出对积极或威胁线索的快速注意偏向、状态性威胁解释偏向及调节资源损耗。鉴于实证研究鲜少考察长期社会排斥，故基于慢性孤独和持续同伴拒绝等邻近概念的间接证据做出推测：长期排斥可能与持续的社会威胁加工倾向相关，表现为对威胁线索的早期警觉与晚期回避、负性认知图式及适应不良型调节策略偏好。未来研究需构建标准化实验范式，结合多模态认知神经科学技术，深入探索短期和长期社会排斥影响情绪加工的认知神经机制，精准识别神经干预靶点并验证有效的认知调节策略，为开发社会排斥引发的情绪障碍诊疗方案提供理论支持。
Abstract
Social exclusion is a major stressor affecting mental health, with its impact on emotional experience and information processing depending on its duration and frequency. Short-term exclusion often triggers immediate negative emotions, including social pain, sadness, and anger, though highly arousing and self-relevant situations can cause defensive emotional numbness. Long-term exclusion induces negative emotions and presents age-specific patterns: adolescents display anxiety and emotion dysregulation; young adults experience loneliness and depression; adults suffer from career anxiety and lost organizational belonging; and older adults fall into a vicious cycle of loneliness and depression. Regarding emotional information processing, short-term exclusion activates either reconnection or self-protection motives based on the chances of relationship repair. This results in rapid attentional biases toward positive or threatening cues, temporary threat interpretation biases, and depleted regulation resources. Drawing from indirect evidence like chronic loneliness, long-term exclusion is likely linked to persistent social threat processing. This involves early vigilance followed by later avoidance of threat cues, negative cognitive schemas, and a preference for maladaptive regulation strategies. Future research should use standardized paradigms and multimodal cognitive neuroscience to explore the mechanisms behind these effects. Identifying neural intervention targets and verifying effective cognitive strategies will provide theoretical support for treating exclusion-induced emotional disorders.关键词
短期社会排斥/长期社会排斥/情绪体验/情绪信息加工/需求—威胁时间模型Key words
short-term social exclusion/long-term social exclusion/emotional experience/emotional information processing/temporal need-threat model引用本文复制引用
党薇,冉丹阳,方素贞,刘玉萍,李帅霞,何蔚祺.短期和长期社会排斥对情绪体验和情绪信息加工的影响[EB/OL].(2026-09-22)[2026-09-26].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202609.00307.学科分类
心理学
