“诚”与“恕”对信任修复的影响——基于博弈范式的实验证据
The Impact of Cheng (Sincerity) and Shu (Forgiveness) on Trust Repair: Experimental Evidence from a Game Paradigm
陈英敏 1李小倩 1姜温君 1张雪晴 1王雨琳 1江潇语 1徐靖博1
作者信息
摘要
信任修复是维系人际和谐的重要议题, 已有研究多从信任违背方视角探讨短期信任修复。本研究基于双向信任修复模型(BMTR)与信任修复周期模型(FSTR), 从双向互动视角, 结合中国传统文化“诚”与“恕”的理念, 采用信任博弈范式和情景模拟法, 通过三个实验探讨了违背方的“诚”与信任方的“恕”如何协同促成从短期到长期信任修复的完整过程, 以及人际关系在其中的作用。实验1从信任方视角探讨感知真诚性对宽恕以及短期信任修复的影响; 实验2从违背方视角检验信任方的宽恕对其后续修复意愿的影响; 实验3再次从信任方视角, 探讨感知真诚性对长期信任修复的影响。结果表明：感知真诚性显著促进信任方的宽恕与短期信任修复; 信任方的宽恕进一步引发违背方后续的修复意愿; 违背方后期及时跟进的实质性真诚表达最终促进长期的信任修复。整个过程中人际关系的影响总体呈现出差序格局效应, 但特定条件下也存在“熟人效应”与“陌生人效应”。最终, 基于实证结果提出具有中国本土文化特色的“诚−恕−信”双主体三阶段信任修复框架, 是对BMTR与FSTR两个模型的支持与整合, 弥补了信任修复本土理论的不足, 对现实的信任修复亦具有指导意义。
Abstract
Interpersonal trust is crucial for maintaining social harmony, and trust repair is often necessary to mend damaged relationships following a violation. Prior literature has predominantly examined short-term repair actions from the perspective of the transgressor. In contrast, the Bilateral Model of Trust Repair (BMTR) conceptualizes trust repair as an interactive process between the transgressor and the trustor, while the Four-Stage Life Cycle of Trust Repair (FSTR) highlights repair trajectories spanning immediate to longer-term phases. Integrating these perspectives and informed by the Chinese cultural constructs of cheng (sincerity) and shu (forgiveness), the present research employed three controlled experiments to map how transgressor and trustors mutually shape the transition from short-term to long-term trust restoration, and to delineate the moderating influence of interpersonal relationship closeness.Study 1 (N = 90) implemented a mixed 3 (perceived sincerity: low / medium / high) 3 (relationship: family / acquaintance / stranger) design in a trust-game framework to test how perceived sincerity and interpersonal relationship influence forgiveness by the trustor and short-term indices of trust repair. Study 2 (N = 64) adopted a mixed 2 (forgiveness: forgiving / not forgiving) 3 (relationship: family / acquaintance / stranger) design using scenario-based manipulations from the transgressors vantage to examine the effects of the trustors forgiveness and interpersonal relationship on the transgressors subsequent willingness to engage in reparative actions. Study 3 (N = 180) employed a 3 (subsequent perceived sincerity: low / medium / high) 3 (relationship: family / acquaintance / stranger) 3 (repair timing: 3 days / 1 week / 1 month) mixed design to evaluate the effects of these factors on longer-term trust recovery.Results from Studies 1 and 3 revealed a significant main effect of perceived sincerity across both short- and long-term phases: higher perceived sincerity yielded better outcomes in securing forgiveness and achieving short- and long-term trust repair (including subjective trust repair and investment behaviors). Study 2 corroborated the proposed bidirectional mechanism by demonstrating that greater forgiveness by the trustor facilitates a stronger willingness of transgressors, thereby contributing to downstream trust recovery. All experiments revealed that the interpersonal relationship exerted moderating effects, yet these patterns varied across stages, variables, and targets. Specifically, while a prototypical the differential mode of association emerged (e.g., greater forgiveness for closer relationships), certain conditions also elicited an acquaintance effect (e.g., acquaintances were more readily forgiven under low-sincerity conditions in the early stages of long-term repair) and a stranger effect (e.g., strangers exhibited the largest increase in forgiveness when maintaining high sincerity over the long term). Moreover, in the long-term repair phase, earlier repair timing yielded more favorable trust restoration.Based on these findings, the present research proposes the ChengShuXin (SincerityForgivenessTrust) dual-agent, three-stage trust repair framework. Following a trust violation, a sincere apology by the transgressor facilitates the trustors forgiveness and short-term trust repair; forgiveness by the trustor further promotes the transgressors willingness to engage in subsequent repair; and timely and substantive subsequent repair by the transgressor further demonstrates sincerity and facilitates long-term trust restoration. This framework, grounded in the Chinese cultural context, supports and extends the BMTR and FSTR and provides practical guidance for trust repair in real-world interpersonal relationships.关键词
信任修复/感知真诚性/宽恕/人际关系/双向互动Key words
trust repair/perceived sincerity/forgiveness/relationship/bidirectional trust repair引用本文复制引用
陈英敏,李小倩,姜温君,张雪晴,王雨琳,江潇语,徐靖博.“诚”与“恕”对信任修复的影响——基于博弈范式的实验证据[EB/OL].(2026-09-30)[2026-10-03].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202610.00004.学科分类
中国政治
