Library donations are an important supplementary channel for library collections, but the long-term problems of vague donation sources, easy-to-alter transfer records, and difficult-to-track document destinations have weakened the trust foundation among various parties, and efficiency-oriented management platforms cannot solve these problems. This study, based on the theory of distributed trust, proposes a blockchain-based library donation traceability system. The system adopts a six-layer architecture: the data layer establishes a digital identity for documents and anchors them on the blockchain; the network layer is composed of a consortium chain with multiple role nodes; the consensus layer uses the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance mechanism; the contract layer deploys three types of smart contracts to achieve compliance review in advance; the application layer provides interactive interfaces such as transfer charts; the security and maintenance layer ensures privacy security with on-chain hashing and off-chain encryption storage. This study simulates the system's operational logic through scenario-based process simulations and verifies that the system can ensure the authenticity, integrity, and unalterability of transfer records, achieving traceable sources, trackable destinations, and accountability, providing theoretical basis and practical references for building a trustworthy donation service system for libraries.
