社会阶层与文化取向关联的异质性：中美比较的三水平元分析
Heterogeneity in the association between social class and cultural orientations: A three-level meta-analysis comparing China and the U.S.
摘要
社会阶层是理解个体文化心理差异的重要社会结构变量，但既有研究关于其与个人主义—集体主义文化取向之间关系的结论并不一致，更缺乏基于跨文化比较的系统整合。本研究采用三水平元分析，整合1980~2025年中国和美国样本中社会阶层与文化取向关系的实证研究，分别考察社会阶层与个人主义文化取向（IND取向）、集体主义文化取向（COL取向）的总体效应及调节条件。最终纳入32篇文献、37个去重样本和113个效应量，去重样本量合计为19,609。结果显示，社会阶层与IND取向的总体效应为正但未达显著，r = 0.052；社会阶层与COL取向的总体效应较小且不显著，r = 0.024。两个方向均存在显著异质性，总I²分别为84.34%和79.45%。调节分析显示，IND取向中社会阶层指标类型和文化取向构念类型（价值观与自我构念）的单变量调节效应均达到显著，独立我构念条件下的平均相关高于个人主义价值观条件；COL取向中，国家/文化背景和文化取向构念类型的单变量调节效应达到显著，中国样本的平均相关高于美国样本，互依我构念条件下的平均相关高于集体主义价值观条件。进一步的主观—客观社会阶层比较显示，主观社会阶层指标与IND和COL取向的平均相关均显著高于客观社会阶层指标。总体而言，社会阶层与文化取向的平均相关较弱，其异质性涉及国家/文化背景这一文化语境比较，以及社会阶层指标类型和文化取向构念类型所体现的测量操作化差异。本文系统整合了社会阶层与文化取向的相关性证据，为进一步研究不同文化背景及测量方式下的关联差异提供依据。
Abstract
Social class is an important social-structural variable for understanding individual differences in cultural psychology, yet prior findings on its associations with individualismcollectivism orientations are inconsistent, and systematic cross-cultural integration remains limited. Using a three-level meta-analysis, this study synthesized empirical research published between 1980 and 2025 on the associations between social class and cultural orientations in Chinese and U.S. samples. We separately examined overall effects and moderators for individualism-oriented cultural orientations (IND orientations) and collectivism-oriented cultural orientations (COL orientations). The final dataset comprised 32 articles, 37 nonoverlapping samples, and 113 effect sizes, with a total nonduplicated sample size of 19,609. Social class showed a positive but nonsignificant overall association with IND orientations, r = 0.052, and a small, nonsignificant association with COL orientations, r = 0.024. Significant heterogeneity was observed in both directions, with total I values of 84.34% and 79.45%, respectively. Moderator analyses showed significant univariate effects of social-class indicator type and construct type for IND orientations, with a larger average correlation for independent self-construal than for individualism values. For COL orientations, national/cultural background and construct type showed significant univariate effects, with a larger average effect in Chinese than in U.S. samples and a larger average correlation for interdependent self-construal than for collectivism values. A further comparison between subjective and objective indicators showed that subjective social class was more strongly associated with both IND and COL orientations than were objective social-class indicators. The average correlations between social class and cultural orientations were weak. Their heterogeneity involved differences in national/cultural background, as well as variation in the operationalization of social class and cultural orientation constructs. This synthesis of correlational evidence provides a basis for future research on how these associations vary across cultural contexts and measurement approaches.关键词
社会阶层/个人主义/集体主义/自我建构/中美比较/三水平元分析Key words
social class/individualism/collectivism/self-construal/China–United States comparison/three-level meta-analysis引用本文复制引用
谢灏,韦庆旺.社会阶层与文化取向关联的异质性：中美比较的三水平元分析[EB/OL].(2026-10-29)[2026-10-30].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202610.00201.学科分类
科学、科学研究
