积极童年经历对农村处境不利青少年抑郁的影响研究
The Impact of Positive Childhood Experiences on Depression among Disadvantaged Adolescents in Rural Areas of China
王伟梁 1李秋 1刘雪莹 1闫文靖1
作者信息
- 1. 221004 江苏省徐州市，徐州医科大学护理学院
- 折叠
摘要
背景 本研究关注中国农村处境不利青少年的高抑郁风险问题，旨在通过数据驱动的方法，探索积极童年经历（PCE）与处境不利青少年抑郁的关联。方法 研究采用便利抽样法，于2023年10月在江苏省北部某乡镇中学进行数据收集。根据社会人口学背景评估是否为处境不利青少年，采用儿童抑郁量表（CDI）测量抑郁症状，采用童年积极经历量表（BCEs）评估青少年在成长期所经历的积极经历水平。采用局部加权散点平滑法（LOWESS）和线性回归分析探究PCE与抑郁的关系，并分析PCE的横截面网络结构；采用相对重要性分析进一步探讨各项PCE与抑郁的差异性关联。结果 研究纳入了来自中国农村一所中学的3 846名参与者，其中处境不利青少年1 594例（41.45%），处境不利青少年的抑郁检出率为41.72%（665/1 594），发生率较低的PCE为“对学校的归属感”和“规律的家庭作息”。LOWESS结果显示，PCE与抑郁之间存在显著负相关。在全样本、非处境不利青少年、处境不利青少年中，“积极自我感觉”对抑郁的方差解释占较大比重，分别为0.29、0.32和0.27；但PCE的中心性与抑郁的共有方差仅在全样本和非处境不利青少年中呈正相关（P<0.05）。在处境不利青少年中，PCE网络中最中心的节点是“他人支持”（Strength=2.62），这一节点不同于对抑郁解释力最强的节点（“积极自我感觉”）。结论 PCE对农村青少年抑郁具有保护作用，但其作用机制因群体而异，对处境不利青少年，特定支持路径（尤其是“他人支持”）的作用更为突出。研究结果强调提升青少年自我意识在预防抑郁中的重要性，并提示多样化的社区支持对农村处境不利青少年尤为重要。
Abstract
BackgroundThis study focuses on the high risk of depression among disadvantaged adolescents in rural China. It aims to explore the association between positive childhood experiences (PCEs) and depression in this population using data-driven methods. MethodsConvenience sampling was used to collect data from a township middle school in northern Jiangsu Province in October 2023. Adolescents were identified as "disadvantaged" based on their sociodemographic background. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), and the level of positive experiences during adolescence was assessed using the Brief Childhood Experiences Scale (BCEs). Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) and linear regression were employed to investigate the relationship between PCEs and depression, and the cross-sectional network structure of PCEs was analyzed. Furthermore, relative importance analysis was conducted to explore the differential associations of specific PCEs with depression. ResultsThe study included 3 846 participants from a middle school in rural China, of whom 1 594 (41.45%) were disadvantaged adolescents. The detection rate of depression among disadvantaged adolescents was 41.72%(665/1 594). PCEs with lower occurrence rates included "sense of belonging at school" and "regular family routine." LOWESS results showed a significant negative correlation between PCEs and depression. In the total sample, non-disadvantaged adolescents, and disadvantaged adolescents, "positive self-perception" accounted for a large proportion of the variance in depression (0.29, 0.32, and 0.27, respectively). However, the shared variance between PCE centrality and depression was positively correlated only in the total sample and non-disadvantaged adolescents (P<0.05). Among disadvantaged adolescents, the most central node in the PCE network was "support from others" (Strength=2.62), which differed from the node with the strongest explanatory power for depression ("positive self-perception"). ConclusionPCEs have a protective effect against depression in rural adolescents, but the underlying mechanisms vary by group. For disadvantaged adolescents, specific support pathwaysparticularly "support from others"play a more prominent role. The findings highlight the importance of enhancing adolescents' self-awareness in preventing depression and suggest that diverse community support is particularly crucial for disadvantaged adolescents in rural areas.关键词
处境不利青少年/农村地区/积极童年经历/抑郁/网络分析Key words
Disadvantaged adolescents/Rural areas/Positive childhood experiences/Depression/Network analysis引用本文复制引用
王伟梁,李秋,刘雪莹,闫文靖.积极童年经历对农村处境不利青少年抑郁的影响研究[EB/OL].(2026-10-30)[2026-11-02].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202610.00229.学科分类
神经病学、精神病学
