中国医患社会心态的群体特征与时点差异(2018~2024)——基于两轮独立横断面调查
Group characteristics and temporal differences of medical professional-patient social mentality in China (2018~2024): Evidence from two independent cross-sectional surveys
吕小康 1杨婷婷 2刘欣 2付春野 1汪新建3
作者信息
- 1. 南开大学社会学院社会心理学系, 天津 300350;南开大学前沿交叉学科研究院, 天津 300350
- 2. 南开大学社会学院社会心理学系, 天津 300350
- 3. 福州大学人文社会科学学院, 福州 350108;南开大学社会学院社会心理学系, 天津 300350
- 折叠
摘要
采用《中国医患社会心态问卷》《中国医患信任量表》, 于2017~2018年和2023~2024年在全国范围内开展两轮独立横断面调查(N = 30343), 考察中国医患社会心态的医患群际差异及时点差异。结果发现, 与第一轮调查相比, 第二轮调查中医患双方的积极情绪增多、强度增加, 双方对医疗过程与结果的宽容度、从医意愿、对“消费者与服务者关系”的认同比例均有所提升, 双方均认为医患的相对地位趋于平等; 医方的信任与安全感、患方的满意度均显著提高, 但患方的公正感略有下降; 患方的情绪强度、宽容度及从医意愿高于医方, 但医方体验到的安全感和公正感高于患方。上述两时点间的可观测差异与医患群际差异呈现多维度的不对称特征, 提示应深化医患社会心态内生动力机制的研究, 并推出具有群体差异性的社会心态治理策略。
Abstract
Medical professional-patient social mentality refers to the collective thoughts, emotions, attitudes, and values that individuals in society hold regarding the healthcare relationship at a particular time. Since 2018, factors such as healthcare reforms, rapid digitalization, and public health emergency have likely influenced both the composition and intensity of these shared mindsets, as well as the processes by which they evolve. However, prior research has typically relied on single-wave data or brief measures, which limits our ability to compare the structural differences between medical professionals and patients effectively. This study aims to (a) track the evolution of social mentality dimensions within each group over a six-year period and (b) identify structural differences in social mentality profiles between medical professionals and patients, thereby strengthening the empirical basis for understanding social mentality dynamics and informing strategies to cultivate more constructive societal attitudes toward healthcare.We conducted two independent nationwide cross-sectional surveys: Wave 1 was administered from July 2017 to August 2018, and Wave 2 from November 2023 to August 2024. Both surveys utilized the China Medical Professional-Patient Social Mentality Questionnaire and the China Physician-Patient Trust Scale, which were tailored for healthcare providers and patients, and developed and validated in our prior studies. Participants included Chinese adults aged 18 and older, representing both medical professionals and patient groups, recruited from all 31 mainland provinces and over 270 cities. To maximize coverage, we combined online and in-person data collection. Wave 1 yielded 5,501 valid responses from medical professionals and 11,953 from patients; Wave 2 yielded 7,706 and 5,183 valid responses, respectively. Analysis of covariance was used to examine temporal changes in each social mentality dimension and to compare differences between the two groups.The study yielded three main findings: (1) Compared with the first survey (2018), the second survey (2024) showed more positive emotions and greater emotional intensity in both groups, along with greater tolerance for medical procedures and outcomes, stronger willingness to pursue medical careers, and a higher endorsement of a consumer-provider care model. Additionally, perceptions of status equality between healthcare providers and recipients shifted significantly toward equilibrium. (2) Within-group trends were asymmetric: among medical professionals, trust and perceived security increased significantly; among patients, overall satisfaction increased, whereas perceived fairness declined slightly. (3) Cross-group comparisons revealed persistent trends: patients showed greater emotional intensity, higher tolerance, and stronger professional aspirations than medical staff, while medical staff reported higher levels of security and fairness than patients. These multidimensional, asymmetric trends highlight divergent experiential and attitudinal patterns within each group.Social mentality is a sensitive, nonlinear indicator of societal development, shaped more by intrinsic mechanisms and internal forces than by social realities alone. Therefore, a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the discrepancies between social mentality and societal conditions, along with their underlying causes, is necessary. Furthermore, intergroup mindsets on any given social issue often diverge, presenting significant governance challenges. In doctor-patient relations, these differences in attribution patterns and behavioral tendencies regarding trust may exacerbate cognitive misalignments. As a result, it is crucial to implement targeted interventions that provide group-specific mindset guidance and emotional support.关键词
医患社会心态/医患信任/群际心态/医患关系Key words
medical professional-patient social mentality/physician-patient trust/intergroup social mentality/physician-patient relationship引用本文复制引用
吕小康,杨婷婷,刘欣,付春野,汪新建.中国医患社会心态的群体特征与时点差异(2018~2024)——基于两轮独立横断面调查[EB/OL].(2026-11-01)[2026-11-04].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202611.00013.学科分类
医药卫生理论
