Spatial statistical learning shapes the suppression of threat-associated distractors
Spatial statistical learning shapes the suppression of threat-associated distractors
Zhang,Di 1Zhang,Yu 1Luo,Yu 1Nian,Jingqing 2Tan,Jiang2
作者信息
- 1. School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University;Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Brain Disease Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province
- 2. School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University
- 折叠
摘要
威胁刺激在注意加工中具有硬优先，但其是促进或干扰习得性分心抑制的形成还不清楚。本研究通过三个实验考察威胁刺激对基于位置概率的习得性分心抑制形成的影响。三个实验结果一致发现，当分心物在高概率分心位置呈现时，个体对目标的反应显著快于其在低概率分心位置呈现时。计算建模结果表明，当分心物在高概率位置呈现时，个体在经历少量试次后，即可形成对颜色单子的习得性分心抑制，表明这一学习过程稳定且高效。更重要的是，当威胁以特征形式在视觉搜索任务中呈现时不会影响习得性分心抑制的形成，当威胁以客体呈现时则会促进其习得。上述结果表明，威胁刺激促进习得性分心抑制形成的关键在于威胁客体，而非单一的威胁特征。威胁刺激可能通过增强选择历史在注意优先图中的权重，促进对高概率位置分心刺激的抑制，从而提升目标加工效率。这一发现将突显特异性分心抑制理论的适用范围从传统的视觉突显拓展至情绪突显，进一步突出了情绪信息在注意抑制学习中的核心作用。
Abstract
Threat-associated stimuli often receive enhanced attentional priority, whereas spatial statistical learning can suppress distractors that appear predictably at specific locations. Whether this learning can suppress distractors that have acquired threat value remains unclear. Across two experiments, initially neutral color-singleton stimuli were paired or not paired with electric shock before serving as distractors in a spatial-probability visual search task. No separate extinction phase was included before search, allowing us to examine learned suppression in the presence of acquired threat associations. Both experiments revealed robust location-based suppression, with faster responses to distractors at high- than low-probability locations and slower responses when targets appeared at high-probability distractor locations. However, threat significance did not reliably enhance overall suppression. Exploratory trial-by-trial analyses further suggested that threat-related effects varied with search experience and distractor predictability. These findings demonstrate that spatial statistical learning supports the suppression of threat-associated distractors, while suggesting that threat-related influences on attentional selection may vary dynamically with learned spatial regularities.关键词
威胁刺激/统计学习/习得性分心抑制Key words
threatening stimuli/statistical learning/learned distractor suppression引用本文复制引用
Zhang,Di,Zhang,Yu,Luo,Yu,Nian,Jingqing,Tan,Jiang.Spatial statistical learning shapes the suppression of threat-associated distractors[EB/OL].(2026-11-11)[2026-11-13].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202508.00001.学科分类
普通生物学
