欧盟Natura 2000自然保护地网络建设的经验与启示
Experience and enlightenment of EU Natura 2000 protected area network
摘要
欧盟Natura 2000 自然保护地网络覆盖欧盟近19%的陆地与10%的海洋，在保护生物多样性和提升区域社会经济福祉中发挥了重要作用，被誉为全球最成功的跨国自然保护地网络。其成功经验主要体现在5 个方面：（1） 通过区域性生物多样性保护立法，促进成员国依法履约、推动自然保护地网络建设；（2） 在欧盟决议流程基础上，建立了多元主体全过程参与的决策执行机制，提升了决策的科学性和多方参与的积极性；（3） 基于全域视角推动战略规划，提高了保护地网络的连通性和空间布局的合理性；（4） 统筹区域发展目标，开发多元资金渠道，以资金申请考核制度促进保护地管理计划的科学制定与有效执行；（5） 标准化记录保护地数据并公开共享，助力科学研究及管理模式创新。这些经验对全球生物多样性合作治理路径和模式的选择、中国引领推动全球生物多样性治理战略和政策的制定、中国以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设和优化具有重要借鉴意义。
Abstract
The EU Natura 2000 protected area network, covering nearly 19% of the land and 10% of the sea in the EU, has played animportant role in protecting biodiversity and enhancing regional socio-economic well-being, and is regarded as the most successfulprotected area network in the world. Its successful experience is mainly reflected in five aspects. (1) The adoption of regionalbiodiversity conservation legislation and the promotion of compliance with the law by member countries to promote the constructionof the protected area network. (2) The establishment of a decision-making and implementation mechanism that combines the EUresolution process and the participation of multiple subjects in the whole process, which enhances the scientificity of decision-makingand the enthusiasm of all relevant subjects to participate. (3) The promoting strategic planning based on a holistic perspective toimprove the connectivity and rational spatial layout of the protected area network. (4) The coordinating development goals, developingmulti-channel funding sources, and promoting the formulation of scientific management plans for protected areas with a fundingapplication and assessment system. And (5) the recording and disclosing protected area site data to help scientific research andmanagement model innovation. These experiences have important implications for the selection of global biodiversity cooperativegovernance paths and models, Chinas leadership in promoting the formulation of global biodiversity governance strategies andpolicies, and the construction and optimization of Chinas protected areas system with national parks as the mainstay.关键词
欧盟Natura 2000自然保护地网络，生物多样性保护，自然保护地，区域治理Key words
EU Natura 2000 protected area network/ biodiversity conservation/ protected areas/ regional governance引用本文复制引用
靳彤,黄宝荣,汤凌,胡学湉.欧盟Natura 2000自然保护地网络建设的经验与启示[EB/OL].(2024-03-27)[2026-04-03].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202403.00337.学科分类
环境管理/社会与环境/环境科学技术现状
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