Search for Thermal X-ray Features from the Crab nebula with Hitomi Soft X-ray Spectrometer
Search for Thermal X-ray Features from the Crab nebula with Hitomi Soft X-ray Spectrometer
The Crab nebula originated from a core-collapse supernova (SN) explosion observed in 1054 A.D. When viewed as a supernova remnant (SNR), it has an anomalously low observed ejecta mass and kinetic energy for an Fe-core collapse SN. Intensive searches were made for a massive shell that solves this discrepancy, but none has been detected. An alternative idea is that the SN1054 is an electron-capture (EC) explosion with a lower explosion energy by an order of magnitude than Fe-core collapse SNe. In the X-rays, imaging searches were performed for the plasma emission from the shell in the Crab outskirts to set a stringent upper limit to the X-ray emitting mass. However, the extreme brightness of the source hampers access to its vicinity. We thus employed spectroscopic technique using the X-ray micro-calorimeter onboard the Hitomi satellite. By exploiting its superb energy resolution, we set an upper limit for emission or absorption features from yet undetected thermal plasma in the 2-12 keV range. We also re-evaluated the existing Chandra and XMM-Newton data. By assembling these results, a new upper limit was obtained for the X-ray plasma mass of <~ 1Mo for a wide range of assumed shell radius, size, and plasma temperature both in and out of the collisional equilibrium. To compare with the observation, we further performed hydrodynamic simulations of the Crab SNR for two SN models (Fe-core versus EC) under two SN environments (uniform ISM versus progenitor wind). We found that the observed mass limit can be compatible with both SN models if the SN environment has a low density of <~ 0.03 cm-3 (Fe core) or <~ 0.1 cm-3 (EC) for the uniform density, or a progenitor wind density somewhat less than that provided by a mass loss rate of 10-5 Mo yr-1 at 20 km s-1 for the wind environment.
Edward M. Cackett、Yuzuru Tawara、Makoto Sawada、Rie Sato、Marc Audard、Yoshihiro Ueda、Kazuhiro Nakazawa、Maxim Markevitch、Yukikatsu Terada、Makoto S. Tashiro、Katja Pottschmidt、Hiroyuki Uchida、Tim Kallman、Satoshi Sugita、Shu Koyama、Goro Sato、Knox S. Long、Esra Bulbul、Caroline A. Kilbourne、Ann Hornschemeier、Takaaki Tanaka、Elisa Costantini、Masanobu Ozaki、Takayuki Tamura、Hans A. Krimm、Koji Mukai、Yasushi Fukazawa、Takayuki Hayashi、Roger Blandford、Hiroshi Nakajima、Stephane Paltani、Yasuyuki T. Tanaka、Brian R. McNamara、C. Megan Urry、Akihiro Furuzawa、Ciro Pinto、Tsunefumi Mizuno、Teruaki Enoto、Massimiliano Galeazzi、Frits Paerels、Norbert Werner、Kazuo Makishima、Laura W. Brenneman、Satoru Katsuda、Kumi Ishikawa、Magnus Axelsson、Samar Safi-Harb、Takeshi Go Tsuru、Kenji Hamaguchi、Lorella Angelini、Toru Tamagawa、Takeshi Nakamori、Tadayuki Takahashi、Shinya Saito、Dan R. Wilkins、Katsuhiro Hayashi、Shinya Nakashima、Takao Kitaguchi、Chris Done、Marshall W. Bautz、Shinichiro Uno、Yoshiyuki Inoue、Olivier O. Limousin、Naomi Ota、Richard L. Kelley、Andrew Szymkowiak、Shunji Kitamoto、Motohide Kokubun、Aya Kubota、Greg Madejski、Noriko Y. Yamasaki、Yoshitomo Maeda、Katsuji Koyama、Hajime Inoue、Takuya Miyazawa、Andrew C. Fabian、Megumi Shidatsu、Yohko Tsuboi、Daisuke Yonetoku、Yuichi Terashima、Kumiko K. Nobukawa、Hironori Matsumoto、Shiu-Hang Lee、Michael Loewenstein、Koji Mori、Megan E. Eckart、Matteo Guainazzi、Robert Petre、Shin Watanabe、Adam R. Foster、Ikuyuki Mitsuishi、Daniel Maier、Peter Kretschmar、Andrea Goldwurm、Luigi C. Gallo、Jan-Willem den Herder、Poshak Gandhi、Takashi J. Moriya、Jon M. Miller、Ken Ebisawa、Ryuichi Fujimoto、Junko S. Hiraga、Kosuke Sato、Takayoshi Kohmura、Abderahmen Zoghbi、Lukasz Stawarz、Kazuhisa Mitsuda、Richard F. Mushotzky、Shinya Yamada、Peter J. Serlemtsos、Isamu Hatsukade、Hirokazu Odaka、Toshiki Sato、Hiroya Yamaguchi、Irina Zhuravleva、Hiroki Akamatsu、Eric D. Miller、Yasuharu Sugawara、Philippe Laurent、Takashi Okajima、Norbert Schartel、Takaya Ohashi、Shin Mineshige、David Lumb、Paolo S. Coppi、Randall K. Smith、Hiroshi Murakami、Frederick S. Porter、Kiyoshi Hayashida、Yasuo Tanaka、Masayoshi Nobukawa、Shigeo Yamauchi、Eugenio Ursino、Aurora Simionescu、Tadayasu Dotani、Jun Kataoka、Cor P. de Vries、Hideyo Kunieda、Hisamitsu Awaki、Masanori Ohno、Missagh Mehdipour、Makoto Yamauchi、Brian J. Williams、Hiroshi Tomida、Carlo Ferrigno、Hirofumi Noda、Yoshitaka Ishisaki、Yuichiro Ezoe、Hiromi Seta、Shinichiro Takeda、Hiroshi Tsunemi、Aya Bamba、Fumie Akimoto、Margherita Giustini、Masahiro Tsujimoto、Hideki Uchiyama、Yuto Ichinohe、Yasunobu Uchiyama、Kyoko Matsushita、Meng P. Chiao、Francesco Tombesi、Dan McCammon、Kouichi Hagino、Yoh Takei、Greg V. Brown、Tsuneyoshi Kamae、Ryo Iizuka、Yoichi Yatsu、Kazutaka Yamaoka、Tetsu Kitayama、Jelle de Plaa、Hideyuki Mori、Ilana M. Harrus、Hiroyasu Tajima、Liyi Gu、John P. Hughes、Maria Chernyakova、Hitomi Collaboration、Jelle Kaastra、Nobuyuki Kawai、Steven W. Allen、Christopher S. Reynolds、Maurice A. Leutenegger、Akio Hoshino、Nozomu Tominaga、Takao Nakagawa、Toru Sasaki、Yang Soong、Kazuhiro Sakai、Hiromitsu Takahashi、Manabu Ishida、Shutaro Ueda、Yoshito Haba、Felix Aharonian、Tahir Yaqoob
天文学物理学
Edward M. Cackett,Yuzuru Tawara,Makoto Sawada,Rie Sato,Marc Audard,Yoshihiro Ueda,Kazuhiro Nakazawa,Maxim Markevitch,Yukikatsu Terada,Makoto S. Tashiro,Katja Pottschmidt,Hiroyuki Uchida,Tim Kallman,Satoshi Sugita,Shu Koyama,Goro Sato,Knox S. Long,Esra Bulbul,Caroline A. Kilbourne,Ann Hornschemeier,Takaaki Tanaka,Elisa Costantini,Masanobu Ozaki,Takayuki Tamura,Hans A. Krimm,Koji Mukai,Yasushi Fukazawa,Takayuki Hayashi,Roger Blandford,Hiroshi Nakajima,Stephane Paltani,Yasuyuki T. Tanaka,Brian R. McNamara,C. Megan Urry,Akihiro Furuzawa,Ciro Pinto,Tsunefumi Mizuno,Teruaki Enoto,Massimiliano Galeazzi,Frits Paerels,Norbert Werner,Kazuo Makishima,Laura W. Brenneman,Satoru Katsuda,Kumi Ishikawa,Magnus Axelsson,Samar Safi-Harb,Takeshi Go Tsuru,Kenji Hamaguchi,Lorella Angelini,Toru Tamagawa,Takeshi Nakamori,Tadayuki Takahashi,Shinya Saito,Dan R. Wilkins,Katsuhiro Hayashi,Shinya Nakashima,Takao Kitaguchi,Chris Done,Marshall W. Bautz,Shinichiro Uno,Yoshiyuki Inoue,Olivier O. Limousin,Naomi Ota,Richard L. Kelley,Andrew Szymkowiak,Shunji Kitamoto,Motohide Kokubun,Aya Kubota,Greg Madejski,Noriko Y. Yamasaki,Yoshitomo Maeda,Katsuji Koyama,Hajime Inoue,Takuya Miyazawa,Andrew C. Fabian,Megumi Shidatsu,Yohko Tsuboi,Daisuke Yonetoku,Yuichi Terashima,Kumiko K. Nobukawa,Hironori Matsumoto,Shiu-Hang Lee,Michael Loewenstein,Koji Mori,Megan E. Eckart,Matteo Guainazzi,Robert Petre,Shin Watanabe,Adam R. Foster,Ikuyuki Mitsuishi,Daniel Maier,Peter Kretschmar,Andrea Goldwurm,Luigi C. Gallo,Jan-Willem den Herder,Poshak Gandhi,Takashi J. Moriya,Jon M. Miller,Ken Ebisawa,Ryuichi Fujimoto,Junko S. Hiraga,Kosuke Sato,Takayoshi Kohmura,Abderahmen Zoghbi,Lukasz Stawarz,Kazuhisa Mitsuda,Richard F. Mushotzky,Shinya Yamada,Peter J. Serlemtsos,Isamu Hatsukade,Hirokazu Odaka,Toshiki Sato,Hiroya Yamaguchi,Irina Zhuravleva,Hiroki Akamatsu,Eric D. Miller,Yasuharu Sugawara,Philippe Laurent,Takashi Okajima,Norbert Schartel,Takaya Ohashi,Shin Mineshige,David Lumb,Paolo S. Coppi,Randall K. Smith,Hiroshi Murakami,Frederick S. Porter,Kiyoshi Hayashida,Yasuo Tanaka,Masayoshi Nobukawa,Shigeo Yamauchi,Eugenio Ursino,Aurora Simionescu,Tadayasu Dotani,Jun Kataoka,Cor P. de Vries,Hideyo Kunieda,Hisamitsu Awaki,Masanori Ohno,Missagh Mehdipour,Makoto Yamauchi,Brian J. Williams,Hiroshi Tomida,Carlo Ferrigno,Hirofumi Noda,Yoshitaka Ishisaki,Yuichiro Ezoe,Hiromi Seta,Shinichiro Takeda,Hiroshi Tsunemi,Aya Bamba,Fumie Akimoto,Margherita Giustini,Masahiro Tsujimoto,Hideki Uchiyama,Yuto Ichinohe,Yasunobu Uchiyama,Kyoko Matsushita,Meng P. Chiao,Francesco Tombesi,Dan McCammon,Kouichi Hagino,Yoh Takei,Greg V. Brown,Tsuneyoshi Kamae,Ryo Iizuka,Yoichi Yatsu,Kazutaka Yamaoka,Tetsu Kitayama,Jelle de Plaa,Hideyuki Mori,Ilana M. Harrus,Hiroyasu Tajima,Liyi Gu,John P. Hughes,Maria Chernyakova,Hitomi Collaboration,Jelle Kaastra,Nobuyuki Kawai,Steven W. Allen,Christopher S. Reynolds,Maurice A. Leutenegger,Akio Hoshino,Nozomu Tominaga,Takao Nakagawa,Toru Sasaki,Yang Soong,Kazuhiro Sakai,Hiromitsu Takahashi,Manabu Ishida,Shutaro Ueda,Yoshito Haba,Felix Aharonian,Tahir Yaqoob.Search for Thermal X-ray Features from the Crab nebula with Hitomi Soft X-ray Spectrometer[EB/OL].(2017-06-30)[2025-08-22].https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.00054.点此复制
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