国家科技竞争力测度、演进与国际比较

he measurement of national science and technology competitiveness helps to describe the international competitionpattern, and to provide decision-making reference for future-oriented science and technology policy and strategy formulation. From theperspective of input-process-output, the study proposes a three-dimensional measurement framework of potential-efficiency-strengthfor national science and technology competitiveness and realizes a multi-dimensional comprehensive measurement of national scienceand technology competitiveness, which takes the differences in both scale and efficiency into account. Based on The Report onNational Science and Technology Competitiveness 2023, the study measures the national science and technology competitiveness of 34major countries in the world and focuses on the evolution trend of national science and technology competitiveness of 11 countriesincluding China from 2011 to 2022. On this basis, the science and technology competitiveness of 34 countries is further classified andanalyzed from the three dimensions of science and technology competitiveness potential, science and technology competitiveness effectiveness, and science and technology competitiveness strength, so as to describe the technological competition pattern of 34countries and reveal the status quo of Chinas science and technology competitiveness. The research has found that the growth rate ofChinas science and technology competitiveness has gradually slowed down in recent years, shifting towards a stage of steady growth.However, there is still significant room for improvement compared to leading countries. Among them, the level of Chinas science andtechnology competitiveness strength is relatively high, but the indicators that reflect the quality of Chinas technological output arestill far from those of major technological powers. Chinas science and technology competitiveness potential has improved but thelevel of intensity indicators is still lower than those of main technological powers. The significant decrease in the science andtechnology competitiveness effectiveness compared to major technological powers is the main factor restricting the improvement ofChinas science and technology competitiveness. Finally, this study puts forward suggestions to improve Chinas science andtechnology competitiveness.