yprinus-like pharyngeal bones and teeth (Teleostei, Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) from the Early–Middle Oligocene deposits of South China

Here we describe ?Nanningocyprinus wui gen. et sp. nov, a fossil Cyprinus-like fish from the Early-Middle Oligocene deposits of Langdong, Nanning Basin, Guangxi Province, South China. ?Nanningocyprinus wui is represented by a number of pharyngeal bones and teeth. It differs from all other cyprinid fishes in the following character combination: tooth formula —3·2·1, crushing molar-like A1 much larger than A2, only one groove on the grinding surface of A2 and B1 respectively, and the anterior angle of the pharyngeal bone triangular and prominent. The new-found Cyprinus-like fish, along with the previously known Late Eocene ?Eoprocypris maomingensis (Procypris-like) and Oligocene ?Huashancyprinus robustispinus (Cyprinus-like) from South China, further indicates an early branching and diversification of the Cyprininae (Cyprinidae) in this area.