热身还是分心?工作状态转换活动对日常工作效率的影响
Warm-up or distraction? The influence of workplace state transition activities on daily work efficiency
本研究基于边界理论和资源保存理论分析工作场所之中的工作状态转换活动影响员工日常工作效率的作用机制和边界条件。通过对来自70名被试603个观察值进行路径分析发现: (1)在个体内层次, 员工上午和下午的工作状态转换活动时间与上午和下午的工作投入关系为倒U型。(2)工作状态转换活动对工作投入的作用效果取决于活动时段和活动惯常性:员工上午的工作状态转换活动时间与工作投入的关系在活动惯常性较强的情况下呈倒U型;下午的工作状态转换活动时间与工作投入关系在活动惯常性较弱的情况下呈倒U型。(3)工作状态转换活动通过影响工作投入对工作目标进展的间接效应部分受员工作息时间型的调节:晨型员工上午工作状态转换活动通过上午工作投入对工作目标进展产生正向影响;无论何种作息时间型的员工,下午工作状态转换活动都可以通过下午工作投入对工作目标进展产生正向影响。本研究将工作状态转换活动的研究情境从工作场所之外拓展到从工作场所之中, 探讨这类活动对员工工作效率的影响,加深了对工作状态转换的作用机制和边界条件的认识。
In recent years, employees how to effectively role transition and improve work efficiency have received widespread attention from managers and researchers. Previous research mainly focused on state transition activities during commuting time from the perspective of role transition theory, and researchers found that these activities do help employees transition roles and improve work efficiency, providing useful guidance for management practices. However, a few studies have focused on state transition activities in the workplace, which are widespread and have a significant impact on employees daily work efficiency, but existing research knows little about these activities. To fill these research gaps, we integrate role transition theory and resource conservation theory to explore the mechanisms and boundary conditions of workplace state transition activities and attempt to explore how employees can achieve higher work efficiency by engaging in workplace state transition activities./t/nWe conducted a field study of a technology-based company in southern China using experience sampling methods. We collected data using the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, Work engagement Scale, and Work Goal Progress Scale. Firstly, we collected control variables (gender, age, organizational tenure, job category) on the weekend, while asking participants to report on the activities they engaged in during the time between arriving at the office and starting work. We referred to these activities as state transition activities. Secondly, during a two-week daily survey period, participants evaluated their positive and negative emotions at 7:30 a.m., their morning state transition activities, types of state transition activities, and work engagement at 12:30 p.m., their afternoon state transition activities, types of state transition activities, work engagement, work goal progress, and task completion for the whole day at 6:00 p.m. The final sample included 603 usable observations collected from 70 employees. To test the proposed hypotheses, we conducted two-level path-analyses using Mplus 7.0 and performed a Monte Carlo simulation procedure using R software./t/nGiven that individual-level data nested within individuals, we used a multilevel linear model to test our hypotheses. As indirect effect tests involve multiple variables, we used the block variable method to bundle variables and conducted 20,000 Monte Carlo simulations to generate a 95% Monte Carlo confidence interval in R3.5. Based on the results, our research presents three conclusions: (1) At the individual level, the relationship between morning and afternoon work state transition activities time and morning and afternoon work engagement was inverted U-shaped. (2) The effect of work state transition activity on work engagement depended on activities time and activities habituality: when the habituality of role transition activities was high, there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between employees morning role transition activities time and job engagement. When the habituality of role transition activities was low, there was an inverted U-shaped relationship between employees afternoon role transition activities time and job engagement. (3) The indirect effect of work state transition activities on the work goal progress by influencing work engagement was partly moderated by the chronotype of employees: Morning chronotype employee had a positive impact on the work goal progress through morning work engagement; No matter what kind of employees chronotype, afternoon work state transition activities can positively affect the work goal progress through afternoon work engagement./t/nThe current study has several theoretical contributions. First, this study extends the existing literature on state transition activities by exploring a new context of role transitions, analyzing the time spent on state transition activities before entering work and proposing an inverted U-shaped relationship between the time spent on these activities and subsequent work engagement. Second, this study enriches the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of state transition activities. Previous literature mainly explored how employees could better complete role transitions from a role perspective. This study analyzes from a resource perspective, considering both resource transfer and depletion during the activities. By analyzing the time and psychological resources in these activity processes, this study proposes that the habituality and timing of state transition activities jointly affect subsequent work engagement. Habituality refers to the degree to which employees state transition activities are habitual behaviors that are triggered and repeated in work situations. Third, previous research has focused on describing the process of employees transitioning from family roles to work roles. However, lunch break is an important part of the workday, and transitioning from non-work state to work state is also required when entering work in the afternoon. To fully describe the role transition process throughout the day, this study analyzes morning and afternoon state transition activities separately, explores how morning and afternoon state transition activities affect morning and afternoon work engagement, and thus impact work efficiency for the day.
龙立荣、樊为、王永丽、汤一鹏
科学、科学研究
工作状态转换活动工作投入工作目标进展活动惯常性经验取样法
work state transition activitieswork engagementwork goal progresshabitualityexperience sampling method
龙立荣,樊为,王永丽,汤一鹏.热身还是分心?工作状态转换活动对日常工作效率的影响[EB/OL].(2024-04-08)[2025-08-18].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202404.00301.点此复制
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