双功能抗乳腺癌药物研究

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women worldwide, including hormone receptor positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (HER2+) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer is the most common type of breast cancer, which is mainly treated by endocrine therapy. Compared with other subtypes of breast cancer, TNBC is the most aggressive and has the highest mortality rate after recurrenceand is treated with chemotherapy. Small-molecule targeting drugs are mainly used to accurately regulate abnormal signaling pathways or targets in breast cancer cells, which have attracted much attention due to their high efficiency and low toxicity. However, long-term use of a single drug may lead to the generation of adverse reactions and drug resistance, limiting its clinical efficacy, while the combination of multiple drugs will also produce drug-drug interactions and poor patient compliance. The development of multifunctional drugs that have a variety of biological activities may solve these problems. In recent years, there are many bifunctional small-molecule compounds that can simultaneously target multiple targets or signaling pathways. They have shown anti-proliferative activities against ER+ breast cancer and TNBC in vitro and in vivo. Here, the design and biological activities of these compounds are reviewed, hoping to provide a reference for the development of new and efficient anti-breast cancer drugs.