一种热管熔盐堆塔式温差发电系统设计及分析
Design and Analysis of a Heat Pipe Molten Salt Reactor Tower Thermal Power Generation System
熔盐堆作为第四代先进反应堆的重要堆型之一，以高沸点熔盐为核燃料，具有高温输出、常压操作等特点。而基于温差发电的热管熔盐堆，兼具了熔盐堆、热管和温差发电的优势，具有输出温度高、热电转换效率高、结构简单及安全可靠等优点。故该堆型在能源系统领域具有极大的优势，是外太空及深海探测任务的理想能源。但因堆芯熔盐低热导率而形成的热管密集排布给热管冷凝段温差发电传热设计带来了难题。针对该堆型设计需求，本文提出适于熔盐堆的热管-温差发电耦合系统结构并进行了传热分析。堆芯热管冷凝段采用塔式温差发电系统结构设计，整体热端座与堆芯热管冷凝端相配合，形成从下至上的第1层至第N层热段套；冷端座套设于热端座外，内设冷端热管通道；热端座的外侧壁与冷端座的内侧壁之间贴有温差发电片，发电片间隙采用保温棉减少漏热。采用Ansys Workbench开展了适于热管熔盐堆的四层塔式温差发电系统传热仿真模拟，分析表明，系统运行时，整体塔座温度分布均匀，热量有效利用率大于 96%，系统漏热量小于4%，发电片两侧温差大于490℃，利于提高热电转换效率，设计具有可行性，有利于推动温差发电在热管熔盐堆中的应用。
核反应堆工程原子能技术应用热力工程、热机
熔盐堆热管温差发电传热模拟能源
.一种热管熔盐堆塔式温差发电系统设计及分析[EB/OL].(2023-06-21)[2025-10-31].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202306.00627.点此复制
Molten salt reactor, as one of the important reactor types of the fourth generation advanced reactor, uses high boiling point molten salt as nuclear fuel, thus having the characteristics of high temperature output and normal pressure operation. The heat pipe molten salt reactor based on thermoelectric power generation has the advantages of molten salt reactor, heat pipe and thermoelectric power generation, that is, high output temperature, high thermoelectric conversion efficiency, simple structure, safety and reliability. Therefore, the reactor has great advantages in the field of energy system, which is an ideal energy source for outer space and deep-sea exploration missions. However, the dense arrangement of heat pipes due to the low thermal conductivity of molten salt in the core brings difficulties to the heat transfer design of thermal power generation in the condensing section of heat pipes. According to the design requirements of the reactor, this paper proposes a heat pipe-thermal power generation coupling system structure suitable for molten salt reactors and conducts heat transfer analysis. The condensing section of the core heat pipe is designed with the tower thermoelectric power generation system. There is a thermoelectric generator between the outer wall of the hot side tower and the inner wall of the cold side tower, and the gap between the generator is made of insulating material to reduce heat leakage. The heat transfer simulation of the four-layer tower thermoelectric power generation system suitable for the heat pipe molten salt reactor was carried out by Ansys Workbench. The analysis shows that when the system is running, the temperature distribution of the overall tower is uniform, the effective heat utilization rate is more than 96%, the system leakage heat is less than 4%, and the temperature difference between the two sides of the generator is greater than 490, which is conducive to improving the thermoelectric conversion efficiency. The design is feasible, which is conducive to promoting the application of thermoelectric power generation in the heat pipe molten salt reactor.
Molten salt reactorHeat pipeThermoelectric power generationHeat transfer simulationEnergy
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