改变株型对玉米灌浆期叶片光合和荧光日变化特性的影响
Effect of altering plant-type on the diurnal variations of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence during grain-filling stage in maize (Zea mays L.)
株型育种是玉米品种改良的重要方向。本研究选用登海3719(DH3719,紧凑型)和农大108(ND108,半紧凑型),通过人工改变株型(改紧凑,AE;改平展,AP),自然状态为对照(CK),探讨了不同株型玉米灌浆盛期光合和荧光日变化特性。结果表明:AE降低了二者的消光系数(k),AP则明显提高;AE处理净光合速率(Pn)日变化呈提高趋势,DH3719和ND108光合峰值分别增加10.41%、9.72%,AP处理降低Pn,光合峰值分别降低15.22%和9.72%。AE处理,提高了二者最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(ΦPSII)、光能利用(P),DH3719非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)峰值提高,ND108的NPQ和热耗散(D)峰值降低;AP处理降低了二者的Fv/Fm、ΦPSII、P,但NPQ、D峰值提高。因此,株型变紧凑可增加群体透光率,同步提高叶片净光合速率和光化学效率;紧凑株型光合与荧光变化比半紧凑型对株型改变的反应更敏感,紧凑型再改紧其光合性能的改善程度优于半紧凑型,通过密植增产的潜力较大。
Plant-type breeding is one of the important trends of varieties improving in maize (Zea mays L.). Accordingly, the characteristics of photosynthesis of different plant-type maize were much documented, but little is known about the effect of altering plant-type on the diurnal variations of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence during rapid grain-filling stage. Two hybrids, Denghai3719 (DH3719) with erectophile type and Nongda108 (ND108) with semi-erectophile type, were altered the original plant-type to erectophile (AE) and to planophile (AP) by hand, and original plant-type regarded as control (CK) in this study. The results showed that AE decreased the extinction coefficient (k) of the two hybrids, while AP increased significantly. The diurnal trends of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) improved by AE, especially the peak value of DH3719 and ND108 increased by 10.41% and 9.72%, respectively, while AP decreased by 15.22% and 9.72%, respectively. AE also enhanced the primarily photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), actual photochemical efficiency (兌PSII) and photochemical reactions (P) of the two hybrids, and the peak value of non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll (NPQ) of DH3719, however, the peak value of NPQ and fraction of heat dissipation (D) of ND108 reduced. The Fv/Fm, 兌PSII and P of the two hybrids were decreased by AP treatment, but the peak value of NPQ and D were increased by AP treatment. Alter the plant-type to erectophile improved the population light transmittance, the net photosynthetic rate and photochemical efficiency remarkably. The changes of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of altering the plant-type in erectophile maize were more sensitive than semi-erectophile maize. Therefore the erectophile type maize could obtain more grain yield in condition of high plant density.
葛均筑、李登海、王空军、柳京国、杨今胜、王永军、董树亭
农作物农艺学植物学
玉米改变株型净光合速率叶绿素荧光日变化
maize altering plant-type net photosynthetic rate
葛均筑,李登海,王空军,柳京国,杨今胜,王永军,董树亭.改变株型对玉米灌浆期叶片光合和荧光日变化特性的影响[EB/OL].(2008-05-07)[2025-08-18].http://www.paper.edu.cn/releasepaper/content/200805-166.点此复制
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