地下水对生态系统生态环境需水的制约机制

Eco-environmental water requirement of groundwater depended ecosystems are discussed in this paper with especially emphasizing on restrict mechanism of groundwater. The restrict factors include the groundwater level (or piezometric level), groundwater quality, groundwater quantity and groundwater synthesize function. The affects of these factors to typical ecosystems are discussed in detail. The paper points out that the impact of groundwater to ecosystems is mainly in the satisfaction of eco-environmental water requirement. The groundwater level is the main control factor to eco-environmental water requirement, the groundwater quantity is the final show of eco-environmental water requirement, and the groundwater quality is assistant factor. It should be point out that not only the eco-environmental water requirement of surface ecosystems, which can be seen by people, but also the eco-environmental water requirement of subsurface ecosystems, such as deep aquifer system, which cannot b