Single-cell transcriptomic atlas of individuals receiving inactivated COVID-19 vaccines reveals distinct immunological responses between vaccine and natural SARS-CoV-2 infection
Single-cell transcriptomic atlas of individuals receiving inactivated COVID-19 vaccines reveals distinct immunological responses between vaccine and natural SARS-CoV-2 infection
Abstract To control the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, CoronaVac (Sinovac), an inactivated vaccine, has been granted emergency use authorization by many countries. However, the underlying mechanisms of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine-induced immune response remain unclear, and little is known about its features compared to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we implemented single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile longitudinally collected PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) in six individuals immunized with CoronaVac and compared these to the profiles of COVID-19 infected patients from a Single Cell Consortium. Both inactivated vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 infection drove changes in immune cell type proportions, caused B cell activation and differentiation, and induced the expression of genes associated with antibody production in the plasma. The inactivated vaccine and SARS-COV-2 infection also caused alterations in peripheral immune activity such as interferon response, inflammatory cytokine expression, innate immune cell apoptosis and migration, effector T cell exhaustion and cytotoxicity, however, the magnitude of change was greater in COVID-19 patients, especially those with severe disease, than in immunized individuals. Further analyses revealed a distinct peripheral immune cell phenotype associated with CoronaVac immunization (HLA class II upregulation and IL21R upregulation in na?ve B cells) versus SARS-CoV-2 infection (HLA class II downregulation and IL21R downregulation in na?ve B cells severe disease). There were also differences in the expression of important genes associated with proinflammatory cytokines and thrombosis. In conclusion, this study provides a single-cell atlas of the systemic immune response to CoronaVac immunization and reveals distinct immune responses between inactivated vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Wang Xiaoxia、Cui Xiaodai、Zhang Xin、Yuan Rui、Xu Wenjian、Tai Jun、Chen Shaojin、Cai Qingguo、Luu Laurence Don Wai、Wang Licheng、Yao Hailan、Li Shijun、Fu Jin、Huang Junfei、Wang Chongzhen、Huang Xiaolan、Li Jieqiong、Zhu Xiong、Wang Yi
Central & Clinical Laboratory of Sanya People?ˉs HospitalExperimental Research Center, Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijing Engineering Research Center of Pediatric Surgery, Engineering and Transformation Center, Beijing Children?ˉs Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityCentral & Clinical Laboratory of Sanya People?ˉs HospitalBeijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children?ˉs Hospital, Capital Medical University||MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Children?ˉs Hospital Capital Institute of PediatricsCentral & Clinical Laboratory of Sanya People?ˉs HospitalCentral & Clinical Laboratory of Sanya People?ˉs HospitalSchool of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South WalesCentral & Clinical Laboratory of Sanya People?ˉs HospitalDepartment of Biochemistry and Immunology, Capital Institute of PediatricsLaboratory of Infectious Disease of Experimental Center, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionExperimental Research Center, Capital Institute of PediatricsLaboratory of Infectious Disease of Experimental Center, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionCentral & Clinical Laboratory of Sanya People?ˉs HospitalExperimental Research Center, Capital Institute of PediatricsDepartment of Respiratory Disease, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children?ˉs HospitalCentral & Clinical Laboratory of Sanya People?ˉs HospitalExperimental Research Center, Capital Institute of Pediatrics
医药卫生理论医学研究方法预防医学
Inactivated vaccineCoronaVacCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2Single-cell sequencingImmunological responses
Wang Xiaoxia,Cui Xiaodai,Zhang Xin,Yuan Rui,Xu Wenjian,Tai Jun,Chen Shaojin,Cai Qingguo,Luu Laurence Don Wai,Wang Licheng,Yao Hailan,Li Shijun,Fu Jin,Huang Junfei,Wang Chongzhen,Huang Xiaolan,Li Jieqiong,Zhu Xiong,Wang Yi.Single-cell transcriptomic atlas of individuals receiving inactivated COVID-19 vaccines reveals distinct immunological responses between vaccine and natural SARS-CoV-2 infection[EB/OL].(2025-03-28)[2025-06-25].https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.30.21262863.点此复制
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