Preparation of high-concentration charged solutions through dual electrostatic method for ice crystals and desalination

Under typical circumstances, it is commonly believed that solutions carrying a single type of charge are either non-existent or unstable. We have investigated the principles of high-concentration charged solution preparation techniques, employing methods such as electrostatic attraction, gravity separation, positive feedback, and self-powered mechanisms to effectively separate anions and cations in solution. Through electrostatic repulsion and the use of electrostatic separation networks, the partition of homoelectric ions has been achieved. Through water and electric separation, the capability for sustained accumulation of single-charge species has been attained, thus overcoming application bottlenecks and establishing evidence for the existence of charged solutions. We have proposed voltage limits and predicted phenomena such as electrostatic boiling, topological ice crystals, and strange ice crystals, thereby opening new perspectives and possibilities for enriching the understanding and research of electrostatics and electrochemistry. The introduction of the high-concentration charged solution and its controllable preparation are expected to facilitate or pioneer research in various fields including seawater desalination, wastewater treatment, hydrovoltaic power generation, and topological ice crystals, etc. This advancement holds the potential to rectify relevant discussions in textbooks. Implementing the dual electrostatic method for self-powered desalination and purification, coupled with wind, solar, and pumped hydro storage technologies, can aid in mitigating the intermittency and waste of wind and solar power, thus advancing the cause of seawater for land.