wo-phase flow thermo-hydro-mechanical modeling for a water flooding field case

Simulation of subsurface energy system involves multi-physical processes such as thermal, hydraulical, and<br />mechanical (THM) processes, and requires a so-called THM coupled modeling approach. THM coupled modeling<br />is commonly performed in geothermal energy production. However, for hydrocarbon extraction, we need to<br />consider multiphase flow additionally. In this paper, we describe a three-dimensional numerical model of non-<br />isothermal two-phase flow in the deformable porous medium by integrating governing equations of two-phase<br />mixture in the porous media flow in the reservoir. To account for inter-woven impacts in subsurface condi-<br />tions, we introduced a temperature-dependent fluid viscosity and a fluid density along with a strain-dependent<br />reservoir permeability. Subsequently, we performed numerical experiments of a ten-year water flooding pro-<br />cess employing the open-source parallelized code, OpenGeoSys. We considered different well patterns with colder<br />water injection in realistic scenarios. Our results demonstrate that our model can simulate complex interactions of<br />temperature, pore pressure, subsurface stress and water saturation simultaneously to evaluate the recovery per-<br />formance. High temperature can promote fluid flow while cold water injection under non-isothermal conditions<br />causes the normal stress reduction by significant thermal stress. Under different well patterns the displacement<br />efficiency will be changed by the relative location between injection and production wells. This finding has<br />provided the important reference for fluid flow and induced stress evolution during hydrocarbon exploitation<br />under the environment of large reservoir depth and high temperature.