玉米农田土壤真菌多样性和群落组成对长期不平衡施肥的响应

hemical fertilization is an important agricultural practice to improve soil fertility and increase crop yields. However, long-term imbalanced fertilization will cause soil nutrient imbalance and crop yield reduction, which may destruct the sustainable development of agriculture. Fungi play important roles in agroecosystems, which can degrade animal and plant residues and help plants absorb water and inorganic nutrient. This study focused on the response of fungal community structure to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) imbalanced fertilization in a maize cropland system. The samples of leaf, root, rhizospheric and bulk soil of maize under non-fertilization (CK) and NPK, NP, NK, PK treatments were collected for four maize growth stages. The amplicon high-throughput sequencing technology was used to detect the diversity and community composition of fungi. The results showed that imbalanced fertilization affected fungal community compositions of maize roots, rhizospheric and bulk soils. Compared with the CK and NPK, the treatments of NP, NK, PK significantly reduced fungal diversity of bulk soils, rhizospheric soils and maize root, respectively. The growth stage of maize affected the fungal community compositions, of which at the jointing stage was significantly different from those at other growth stages. The responses of fungal communities to fertilization were growth stage dependent, NK and PK significantly reduced fungal diversity at the pustulation stage. This study provides a scientific basis for using soil fungal resources in corn farmland in the future to potentially reduce fertilizer usages and promote sustainable agricultural development.