Environmental sampling for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak aboard a commercial cruise ship
Environmental sampling for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak aboard a commercial cruise ship
Summary BackgroundA COVID-19 outbreak occurred in a cruise ship with 3711 passengers and crew in 2020. This study is to test the hypothesis that environmental surfaces played important roles in transmission for SARS-CoV-2 during this outbreak. MethodsWe sampled environmental surfaces including air from common areas in the cruise ship and cabins in which confirmed COVID-19 cases and non-cases had stayed after they left the cabins. We tested the samples for SARS-CoV-2 by rt-PCR and conducted viral isolation. FindingsOf 601 samples tested, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected from 58 samples (10%) from case-cabins from which they left 1-17 days before sampling, but not from non-case-cabins. Except for one sample from an air hood in a corridor, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected from samples in common areas. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected from all 14 air samples. RNA was most often detected on the floor around toilet in the bathroom (39%, 13/33, cycle quantification (Cq): 26.21-37.62) and bed pillow (34%, 11/32, Cq: 34.61-38.99). There was no difference in the detection proportion between cabins for symptomatic (15%, 28/189, Cq: 29.79-38.86) and asymptomatic cases (21%, 28/131, Cq: 26.21-38.99). No SARS-CoV-2 virus was isolated from any of the samples. InterpretationThe environment around the COVID-19 cases was extensively contaminated from SARS-CoV-2 during COVID-19 outbreak in the cruise ship. Transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients seems to be similar and the environmental surface could involve viral transmission through direct contact.
Nao Naganori、Wada Koji、Ohmagari Norio、Takaya Saho、Griffith Mathew、Parry Amy Elizabeth、Plucinski Mateusz M、Barnetson Brenda、Kageyama Tsutomu、Yamagishi Takuya、Kakimoto Kensaku、Matsuyama Syutoku、Wakita Takaji、Saito Shinji、Suzuki Motoi、Shirato Kazuya、Takeda Makoto、Okamoto Kiyoko、Sakaguchi Mikiyo、Kamiya Hajime、Matsunaga Nobuaki、Fujita Retsu、Ohnishi Makoto、Taichi Tajima R.N.、Gu Yoshiaki、Leonard James、Hasegawa Hideki、Okinaka Keiji、Saito Hiroki、Takayama Ikuyo
Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesInternational University of Health and WelfareDisease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and MedicineDisease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and MedicineHealth Emergency Programme, World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional OfficeHealth Emergency Programme, World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional OfficeCenter for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment of Health Services, Princess CruisesInfluenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesInfectious Disease Surveillance Centre, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesField Epidemiology Training Program, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesInfluenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesInfectious Disease Surveillance Centre, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesDepartment of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesInfluenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesAntimicrobial Resistance Clinical Research Center, National Center for Global Health and MedicineInfectious Disease Surveillance Centre, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesAntimicrobial Resistance Clinical Research Center, National Center for Global Health and MedicineInternational University of Health and WelfareNational Institute of Infectious DiseasesAntimicrobial Resistance Clinical Research Center, National Center for Global Health and MedicineAntimicrobial Resistance Clinical Research Center, National Center for Global Health and MedicineDepartment of Health Services, Princess CruisesInfluenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesDivision of General Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital EastDepartment of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City Seibu Hospital, St. Marianna University School of MedicineInfluenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
医学研究方法预防医学环境保护宣传、环境保护教育
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2cruise shipoutbreakenvironmental sampling
Nao Naganori,Wada Koji,Ohmagari Norio,Takaya Saho,Griffith Mathew,Parry Amy Elizabeth,Plucinski Mateusz M,Barnetson Brenda,Kageyama Tsutomu,Yamagishi Takuya,Kakimoto Kensaku,Matsuyama Syutoku,Wakita Takaji,Saito Shinji,Suzuki Motoi,Shirato Kazuya,Takeda Makoto,Okamoto Kiyoko,Sakaguchi Mikiyo,Kamiya Hajime,Matsunaga Nobuaki,Fujita Retsu,Ohnishi Makoto,Taichi Tajima R.N.,Gu Yoshiaki,Leonard James,Hasegawa Hideki,Okinaka Keiji,Saito Hiroki,Takayama Ikuyo.Environmental sampling for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak aboard a commercial cruise ship[EB/OL].(2025-03-28)[2025-07-02].https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.02.20088567.点此复制
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