Dynamic Process Model of Bipolar Disorder States Switching Based on the Salience Network

Bipolar disorder is a highly burdensome and refractory mental disorder, affecting individuals, families, and society. The challenge in bipolar disorder?is that the treatment targeting the depressive state often carries the risk of inducing manic state, and vice versa, with the frequency of these alternating cycles often indicating the severity of the illness. Therefore, reducing the frequency of states switching in bipolar disorder patients and gradually achieving a stable state are crucial for effective treatment. The purpose of this study is to propose a dynamic process model of bipolar disorder?states switching in order to further understand the treatment, patterns of occurrence and development, and pathophysiological mechanisms of bipolar disorder. Considering the remarkable potential of the salience network in brain switching, we have anchored the model on the functionality of the salience network and analyzed and demonstrated the pathways involved in bipolar disorder?states switching within the framework of “physiological-psychological-neurological”. By focusing on the salience network, this model provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying bipolar disorder?states switching.