不同品种文冠果种子萌发对低温储藏的响应
为研究不同文冠果品种种子的休眠与萌发机理，该文选择4个品种(‘普通’ (PT)‘奇红’(QH)、 ‘沃丰’(WF)、‘沃石’(WS))文冠果种子，分别在-20 ℃下进行不同时间段（30、60、90、120、 150 d）的储藏处理，测定各阶段文冠果种子的发芽指标，并对储藏前、储藏后、萌发7天间的种子 内含物、激素水平进行研究。结果表明：（1）-20 ℃储藏能够显著提高小粒种子（PT、QH）的发芽 质量，处理60 d的效果最好，其发芽率分别达48.3%、58.3%，但大粒种子WF、WS品种的效果低于前 两者。（2）-20 ℃储藏60 d及种子湿沙萌发7 d内，4个品种油脂含量、种壳厚度均出现显著下降， 在3~7 d下降幅度大（WS除外）。而种仁含水量在萌发1~3 d内快速增加尔后缓慢增加到第7 天的 峰值，种仁淀粉、可溶性糖等指标都在发芽3~4 d时显著积累。(3) 低温冷藏可提高文冠果小粒品种 种子的GA/ABA和tHor/ABA (tHor =IAA+GA+ZR+iPA)的比值，进而促进油脂降解、种壳变薄解除 种子的休眠。总之，文冠果种子大、种壳厚、硬度大、生理后熟是导致其休眠的主要原因，属综合 休眠类型。低温冷藏可破除种子休眠，提高其种子的发芽率，小粒品种效果好于大粒品种。大粒品 种如‘沃石’可通过延长低温冷藏时间(150 d)提高种子发芽率（38.7%）。低温冷藏+湿沙萌发是 一种快速和简便的促进文冠果种子萌发的方法。该研究为文冠果优良品种推广和种子解休眠机制研 究提供参考。
农业科学研究植物学生物化学
文冠果品种，冷藏处理，种子萌发，储藏物质，激素，解休眠机制
程乐,李守科,陈颖,胡宇辰,曹福亮,吴琴霞,鞠定顺.不同品种文冠果种子萌发对低温储藏的响应[EB/OL].(2023-08-24)[2025-09-23].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202308.00244.点此复制
To study the seed dormancy and germination mechanism of Xanthoceras sorbifolium, the seeds of four cultivars (‘Putong’(PT),‘Qihong’(QH), ‘Wofeng’(WF) and‘Woshi’(WS)) were stored at -20 for different periods (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 d). The seed germination indexes were determined in each treatment, and the changes of reserve substance and hormone content were also analyzed in three stages including before storage, after storage, and 7 days germination. The results were as follows: (1) Cold storage could significantly promote the germination rate (Gr) and germination potential of small seeds (PT, QH). The best treatment was cold storage for 60 days, and the Gr was to 48.3 % and 58.3%, respectively. The effect of cold storage on large seeds (WF and WS ) was lower than that of small seeds. (2) The kernel oil content, seed shell thickness (SST) in four cultivar seeds all decreased significantly during periods of cold storage and germination, especially in the 3-7 days of germination, the oil content and SST (except WS cultivar) decreased notably. However, water content in kernels increased rapidly within 1-3 days of germination and then slowly increased to the peak value at the 7th day. The contents of starch and soluble sugar in kernels increased significantly at the 3th or 4th day of germination. (3) Cold storage increased GA/ABA and tHor/ABA ratios in small seeds (PT, QH), promoted oil degradation, made seed shell thinning and break seed dormancy. In conclusion, the main factors leading to dormancy in Xanthoceras sorbifolium seeds are large in size, higher shell thickness and hardness, physiological post-ripening, and belongs to comprehensive dormancy type. Cold storage at -20 for 60 d could improve the germination rate of PT, QH and WF seeds, reduces dormancy degree, while the cold storage time of WS seeds needs prolonging to 150 days. The method using -20 storage with wet sand germination is a rapid and simple method to promote Xanthoceras sorbifolium seeds germination. This study provides a reference for the promotion of superior varieties and the research on the seed breaking dormancy mechanism in Xanthoceras sorbifolium.
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