我国城乡高中一、二年级学生体质健康测试状况的调查研究

Background?Current research on the physical fitness test scores of high school students is more localized within provinces and citieswith few multicenterlarge-sample-sizedomain-wide research results. The prevalence of blended online and offline teaching in schools of all types has inevitably prolonged the already long sedentary time of high school students. Whether this trend has some impact on the physical health of high school students is an urgent need for a region-wide study. Objective?To investigate and analyze the levels of physical fitness test scores and related influencing factors of urban and rural high school first- and second-year students in seven regions of Chinaand to explore the empowering paths for the balanced improvement of physical fitness levels of first- and second-year high school students. Methods?Stratified randomized cluster sampling method was used to conduct stratified sampling according to urban counties and townships and villages in high school schools in seven regionsEast ChinaSouth ChinaNorth ChinaCentral ChinaNorthwest ChinaSouthwest China Northeast Chinaof 31 provincesmunicipalities directly under the central government and autonomous regionsof China from January to March 2019and then randomized clusters of 1 high school school in urban counties and 1 high school school in townships and villages in total of 62 schools were selected respectively. A total of 42 523 freshmen and sophomores in high schools were randomly selected to conduct the researchand the data on students'?physical fitness test scores were collected at the same timeBMI reflects the level of physical developmentlung capacity reflects the level of physical functionsit-and-reach reflects the level of flexibilitypull-up50 m runstanding long jump reflects the level of explosive strength of upper and lower limbs1 min sit-up reflects the level of core strength of the torso800 m run1 000 m run reflects the level of cardiorespiratory enduranceand non-parametric tests and multiple linear regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of the level of physical fitness test scores. Results?The age distribution of 42 523 high school students was 16.0016.00-17.00 years20 07447.2%boys and 22 44952.8%girls21 72551.1%in citiescounties and districtsand 20 79848.9%in towns and villages. Comparison of the gender and urban-rural distribution of high school students in the seven regions showed statistically significant differencesP<0.05. Comparison of male high school students'?scores on various physical fitness tests in the seven regions showed statistically significant differencesP<0.05the top three regions in terms of scores on various physical fitness tests were as followsheightNorth China>Northeast China>Central Chinabody mass Northeast China>North China>Central ChinaBMICentral China>Northeast China>North Chinalung capacity Northeast China>Central China>South China50 m runSouth China>Central China>East Chinastanding long jump South China>North China>Northwest Chinasit-and-reachSouth China>Southwest China>Central Chinapull-up South China>Southwest China>Northwest Chinaand 1 000 m runSouth China>Central China>Southwest China. High school boys in the citycounty and districts had higher lung capacity scores than those in the town and countryand lower scores than those in the town and country in the 50 m runstanding long jumpsit-and-reachpull-upand 1 000 m runP<0.001. The differences in heightweight and BMI between high school boys in citiescounties and towns and villages are not statistically significantP>0.05. The differences in the scores of high school girls in each physical fitness test in the seven regions are statistically significantP<0.05the top three regions in the scores of each physical fitness test are as followsHeight North China>Northeast China>Northwest Chinabody massNortheast China>North China>Northwest ChinaBMI Northeast China>North China>Northwest Chinalung capacityNortheast China>South China>Central China50 m run South China>Central China>East Chinastanding long jumpSouth China>North China>Central Chinasit-and-reach Northeast China>Central China>South China1 min sit-upNorth China>Central China>East China=Southwest China 800 m runNortheast>Central China>South China. High school girls in the city and county districts had higher heightbody massand BMI scores than those in the town and countryand lower scores than those in the town and country in lung capacity 50 m runstanding long jumpsit-and-reach1 min sit-upand 800 m runP<0.001. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis showed that boys'?pull-up scores were negatively correlated with BMI and the 1 000 m run scoresand positively correlated with the 50 m runstanding long jump and sit-and-reach scoresP<0.05with sit-and-reach being the most important influence factorfollowed by 1 000 m run1 000 m run scores were negatively correlated with BMI and pull-up scoresand positively correlated with 50 m runstanding long jump and sit-and-reach scoresP<0.05with pull-up being the most important influence factorfollowed by sit-and-reach. The girls'?1 min sit-up scores were positively correlated with BMIlung capacitystanding long jumpand 800 m run scoresand negatively correlated with 50 m run and sit-and-reach scoresP<0.05with BMI being the most important influence factorfollowed by sit-and-reachthe 800 m run scores were negatively correlated with BMI50 m runand sit-and-reach scoresand positively correlated with standing long jump and 1 min sit-up scoresP<0.05with sit-and-reach being the most important influence factorfollowed by BMI. Conclusion The physical development levels of first and second year high school boys in Chinese citycounty and districts were comparable to those of town and countrybut the physical development levels of first and second year high school girls in the citycounty and districts were higher than those of town and country. Upper and lower extremity explosive strengthtrunk core strengthand cardiorespiratory endurance levels of first and second year high school students in citycounty and districts were significantly lower than those of town and country. In addition to the level of physical developmentthe dominance of the performance levels of first and second year male high school students on all tests of physical fitness and health was evident in South China.