基于TRMM卫星观测的亚洲穿透性对流特征研究

Using TRMM satellite data in 1998-2011, we research the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and strength characteristics ( radar reflectivity, microwave brightness temperature and lightning ) of the Overshooting Convections ( referred OCs) over the Asian region, The results show that only 2.6% Cold Cloud Systems (cloud top IR brightness temperature less than 235 K) penetrate the tropopause, about 2.2% and 3.0% respectively occured on land and sea penetrate the tropopause. OCs are mainly distributed in south of 15 N, OCs'probability of occurrence is maximum in south of the Tibet Plateau、Southern China and Indo-China Peninsula, but it is difficult to form OCs on the Tibet Plateau. Half of OCs are occurred in the summer, which are the most active in August, January and February are the month of the least OCs that are occurred on land and sea. OCs daily variation peak at 15:00 ~ 17:00 LT on Land and around at 04:00 LT on ocean, compared with the sea land OCs frequency variation amplitude is bigger. All of OCs can bring precipitation, the average volume of precipitation is 69089.2 km2mm/hr. The OCs systems' average area is 36301.6 km2, OCs mainly concentrate on the ocean which have larger horizontal scale and more volume of precipitation. OCs and Non Overshooting Convections (referred NOCs) have obvious differences. The average OCs lightning frequency is an order of magnitude higher than that of NOCs, the average lightning frequency OCs of two orders of magnitude higher than the NOCs, 85 GHz microwave brightness temperature is lower about 100 K, 20 and 40 dBZ maximum radar echo height are higher about 12 km and 5 km.