重复就是力量?重复信息对信念改变的影响及心理机制
The Power of Repetition: The Influence of Reiterated Information on Belief Change and Underlying Psychological Mechanisms
摘要
重复的信息让人信以为真——重复信念效应。通过3个实验系统地考察重复信息对信念改变的影响及心理机制。实验1操纵重复次数和先验知识，发现无论有、无先验知识，重复次数和信念改变间均呈现自然对数关系；实验2操纵重复次数和呈现－测试含义一致性，发现仅在高重复次数时被试才对含义一致的测试语句给出更高的认同评分；实验3操纵重复次数和呈现－测试句式一致性，发现句式一致性仅在低重复次数时影响被试的认同判断，高重复次数时不影响被试的认同判断。总之，信念水平随着重复次数的增加呈现先快后慢的上升趋势；被试在低重复次数时依赖知觉流畅性作认同判断，高重复次数时依赖概念流畅性作认同判断。研究结果有益于培养健康观念、政策宣传等。
Abstract
The effect of repetition on belief is a phenomenon that information repeatedly exposed makes people believe it is true. Although the existence of the effect of repetition on belief is examined in many studies, studies on the relationship between repetition frequency and belief change are relatively limited and have yielded inconsistent results. Furthermore, the underlying psychological mechanisms which repetition frequency affects belief change have rarely been the focus of empirical investigation. The limited researches explore the mechanisms in an isolated manner, without a systematic framework. This study explored the relationship between repetition frequency and belief change and systematically explored its underlying psychological mechanisms./t/nIn Experiment 1, 2 (types of unknown deceptive statement: familiar vs. unfamiliar) 5 (repetition frequencies: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16) within-subjects design was used to explore the impact of repetition frequency and prior knowledge on belief change. In Experiment 2, 2 (repetitive statement syntax: active vs. passive) 2 (repetition frequencies: 2 vs. 5) 3 (test statement types: original statement, paraphrased statement, contradictory statement) within-subjects design was used to explore the impact of repetition frequency and the statement meaning consistency between presentation and test phases on belief change. In Experiment 3, 2 (repetitive statement syntax: active vs. passive) 2 (repetition frequencies: 2 vs. 7) 3 (test statement types: original statement, slightly modified statement, reconstructed statement) within-subjects design was used to explore the impact of repetition frequency and the statement perceptual consistency between presentation and test phases on belief change./t/nThe results of Experiment 1 showed a significant natural logarithm relationship between repetition frequency and belief change, with participants possessing prior knowledge gave higher truth ratings compared to those without prior knowledge. However, there was no significant interaction effect between prior knowledge and repetition frequency. The results of Experiment 2 showed that at a repetition frequency of 2, there were no significant differences in truth ratings among original statements, paraphrased statements and contradictory statements. However, at a repetition frequency of 5, participants gave higher truth ratings for both the original and paraphrased statements compared to contradictory statements, with no significant difference observed between the ratings of the original and paraphrased statements. This indicates that participants were able to distinguish the meaning of statements at higher repetition frequencies but were unable to do so at lower repetition frequencies. The results of Experiment 3 showed that at a repetition frequency of 2, participants gave higher truth ratings for both passive reconstructed statements and passive paraphrased statements, compared to contradictory statements, with no significant difference observed between passive reconstructed statements and passive paraphrased statements. At a repetition frequency of 7, there were no significant differences in truth ratings among passive reconstructed sentences, passive paraphrased sentences and passive original sentences. At repetition frequencies of 2 or 7, there were no significant differences in truth ratings among active reconstructed sentences, active paraphrased sentences and active original sentences./t/nIn conclusion, belief growth shows an initially rapid and subsequently decelerating trend with increase of repetition frequency. Participants rely on perceptual fluency for truth judgments at low repetition numbers and conceptual fluency for truth judgments at high repetition numbers. This study contributes to a better understanding of the effect of repetition on belief by exploring the underlying psychological mechanisms and provides practical insights for practices in various fields, including education, advertising, marketing, psychological therapy and policy propaganda.关键词
重复/信念/加工流畅性Key words
repetition/truth/processing fluency引用本文复制引用
张彦驰,陈时超,郝晓凤.重复就是力量?重复信息对信念改变的影响及心理机制[EB/OL].(2024-07-03)[2026-04-05].https://chinaxiv.org/abs/202407.00093.学科分类
信息传播、知识传播/科学、科学研究
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