德性与德行：道德决策中的提问框架效应

3 experiments (N = 960) probe into the differences between two question frames of moral decision-making, moral judgment (focus on moral rightness of the behavioral proposal) and moral action (focus on execution of the behaviral proposal). Experiment 1 employs classical dilemmas followed by a utilitarian proposal. Participants assess the moral propriety (moral judgment frame) and their behavioral intention extent (moral action frame) of the proposal with a 9-point scale. Experiment 2 designs a within-subjects design with norm (proscriptive/prescriptive) consequence (benefits of action greater/smaller than costs) to explore the interactions of norm and consequence with moral decisions. Experiment 3 applies a CNI design to further dissociate the general inaction preferences under the two question frames. The results demonstrate moral action frame induces stronger consequence inclination, weaker norm inclination and stronger general inaction inclination than moral judgment frame. The experiments accordingly indicate that moral action frame activates more utilitarian inclination, less deontological inclination and more general inaction preference than moral judgment frame. The results support Action-Based Model of Dissonance but do not support Dual process theory of Morality. It implies that moral decision-making is affected by not only cognition and emotion processes, but also motive process."