“忽冷忽热”的杏仁核：与攻击相关的重要核团

ggression is the act of intentionally causing direct harm to others, and can be divided into reactive aggression and proactive aggression. The occurrence of aggression has neurobiological basis. As a key brain area of emotion processing and learning, the amygdala is closely associated with aggression. The fight-flight mechanism model, the violence inhibition mechanism model and the fear dysfunction hypothesis emphasize the importance of the amygdala for aggression. Groups exhibiting aggressive or violent behaviors have structural deficits and dysfunctions in the amygdala, in which dysfunction manifests itself with two opposite abnormalities. In high-risk groups with reactive aggression, the amygdala has an enhanced response to threatening stimuli ('hot' response); whereas groups with proactive aggression, such as psychopathic individuals with callous-unemotional traits, exhibit diminished amygdala responses to threatening stimuli and others distress cues, as well as in sufficient activation of the amygdala during fear conditioning learning and moral decision-making ('cold' response). These dysfunctions impair the individuals normal levels of threat response, empathy, punishment avoidance and moral decision-making. Future research needs to focus on both population research and process research, pay more attention to the functions of the substructures of the amygdala, explore the neural network foundations of aggression, and explore effective means of violence prevention and intervention.