哈密黄芪化学成分预试及生物碱成分色谱分析

Using phytochemistry composition preliminary systematic test, alkaloids systematic extract method and TLC to determine the chemical components of Astragalus hamiensis S.B.Ho. The results showed that A. hamiensis S.B.Ho contained alkaloids, polysaccharides, glucosides, aminoacid, steroids, terpenoids, oils, tannin, phenol, organic acid, flavonoids, chinones, cardiac glycosides and coumarin. 2 968 g plant materials placed in a large round botton flask with industrial alcohol and heated reflux for several hours, the ethanol collection was concentrated to dryness, yield con-extractum 303.3 g, the extractum was dissolved in acid and adjusted to alkalinity, and then extracted by chloroform, acetic ether and n-butanol by turns. Three extracted fractions were concentrated to dryness, obtained extractum 0.51 g, 1.72 g and 19.10 g, account 0.017%、0.058%、0.644% of extraction percentage, indicated that the alkaloids of A. hamiensis S.B.Ho mainly localize in n-butanol aliquot in which was macro-alkaloids. Each extracted fractions was determined by TLC, the alkaloids were visualized with reforming potassium-Heptaiodobismuthate reagent or Ehlrich’s reagent, it shown kinds of alkaloids in extractum from chloroform, acetic ether and n-butanol are 17, 13 and 5 at least. Extracted fraction compared with nominal sample, confirmed that the mainly alkaloids were swainsonine and the analogous indolizidine, while contained small amount of ermopsine and anagyrine which belong to quinolizidine in A. hamiensis S.B.Ho. Swainsonine was separated from n-butanol extractum by PTLC．