生物法合成金属纳米材料的研究进展

Nanoscience and nanotechnology has attracted a great interest in resent years due to its growing impact on many areas such as materials structures, biotechnology, optoelectronics, data storage, microelectronics, micromechanics etc. A variety of chemical and physical procedures have been used to synthesize metal nanostructures. Although these methods could be used successfully to produce metal nanostructures, they involve expensive input, toxic solvents and hazardous chemicals. Therefore, there is increasing need to develop a reliable, nontoxic, cost-effective and eco-friendly approach. Biological approach is timely a promising approach to synthesize metal nanostructures. However, the research on biosynthesis of metal nanostructures still remains to simple conditional experiments and the characterization of the metal nanostructures hitherto, and the mechanism of reduction of metal nanoparticles is still not well understood. Therefore, this review provides an overview on the biosynthesis of metal nanostructures by plants, bacteria and fungi. The current application and prospects of biological synthesis of metal nanostructures are also presented.