我国橡胶树育种的技术瓶颈与创新发展建议

Superior varieties of rubber trees are crucial elements in achieving stable production and supply of natural rubber. In China,rubber tree planting areas are situated at the northern edga of the worlds tropical zone and thus belong to non-traditional rubber treeplanting areas with climatic conditions inferior to the traditional ones in Southeast Asia. The planted rubber trees are frequentlydamaged by low temperatures and diseases. Therefore, an urgent need in natural rubber production is to develop varieties with highyieldpotential and strong stress-tolerance. The scarcity of such varieties is mainly ascribed to the highly heterozygous genome, a longjuvenile period, and highly cross-pollination, making it difficult to integrate high-yielding traits and stress-tolerant traits. Furthermore,breeding selection efficiency is quite low, mainly due to the small size of hybrid segregant populations and long-term field work in theidentification and selection of superior varieties. To address these challenges, it is recommended to apply the concept of genomicselection breeding to establish an efficient rubber tree breeding technology system. This can be achieved by establishing a highgenerationrubber tree seed orchard to continuously expand the breeding population size and realize multi-trait integration. By doingso, new and improved varieties of rubber trees can be developed with high-yield potential and strong stress-tolerance, ensuring stableproduction and supply of natural rubber in non-traditional planting areas like China.