工作场所人工智能应用对员工影响的元分析研究

With the development of digital technology, artificial intelligence (AI) presents new opportunities and challenges for organizations. Its impact on employee behavior and psychology in the workplace has attracted increasing academic attention. However, consensus on the direction, extent, and boundary conditions of these effects remains elusive. In this paper, we conduct a meta-analysis based on 64 domestic and international literatures, encompassing 85 outcome variables and 150 effect sizes. The result indicates that: The application of AI in the workplace can facilitate employees positive psychology such as work engagement, organizational commitment, and work happiness, as well as promote positive behaviors such as knowledge sharing, digital innovation, and job crafting. However, it can also induce negative psychology such as employee anxiety, turnover intention, and job insecurity, leading to negative behaviors such as knowledge hiding, work withdrawal, and service destruction. The study further reveals that the type of AI application, industry context, and measurement methods moderate these relationships to varying degrees. The conclusion shows that the application of AI in the workplace is a double-edged sword, enriching psychological resources and fostering positive behaviors while also posing threats that deplete psychological resources and trigger negative behaviors. Within the theoretical framework of the Job Demands-Resources model, this study clarifies the relationship effects and boundary conditions between the application of AI in the workplace and the employee behavior and psychological outcomes, which provides guidance for organizations to scientifically adjust the management strategies of AI, accurately direct employees perceptions, and effectively maximize its value.