听而不“闻”?人声失认症的神经机制

It seems that it is an innate ability for an individual to recognize identity from voice, but some individuals have lost this ability, which is named phonagnosia. Phonagnosia refers to the presence of specific processing impairment for voice identity, while the cognitive processing ability of other voice information (such as gender, age and emotion) and face information is largely preserved. At present, it can be classified from two perspectives. On the one hand, from the perspective of brain injury of with or without, it can be divided into acquired phonagnosia with brain injury and developmental phonagnosia without brain injury; On the other hand, from the perspective of different stages of voice identity processing, it can be divided into apperceptive and associative phonagnosia. Firstly, the brain mechanism of acquired phonagnosia is mainly related to the structural and functional damage of the right inferior parietal lobe, right temporal voice areas, right temporal lobe and frontal lobe; Secondly, acquired associative phonagnosia is associated with brain damage in right subcortical, lenticular, caudate nuclei, and right temporal pole; Thirdly, developmental apperceptive phonagnosia is related to the injury of brain regions such as the Heschls gyrus and planum temporale; Fourthly, developmental associative phonagnosia is associated with decreased connections between the voice core system of the right middle or inferior temporal gyrus and the extended system located in the lateral part of the amygdala. In research prospects, Firstly, in terms of phonagnosia and filter, besides considering the challenges brought by different language backgrounds, we should pay more attention to the essence of phonagnosia, that is, the individual has defects in multiple stages of voice identity processing, including voice perception ability, voice familiarity judgment ability and semantic association ability; Secondly, As far as the scope of phonagnosia is concerned, future research should combine a variety of cognitive disorders, and use brain imaging technology and design experimental paradigms to separate these cognitive processing disorders, so as to clearly define voice agnosia and other mental disorders; Thirdly, as far as phonagnosia and cultural differences are concerned, on the one hand, the filtering phonagnosia is mostly due to the obstacles in the identity of familiar voice. However, due to different cultural backgrounds, there are differences in self-construction; Therefore, individuals in eastern and Western cultures are likely to be separated in the process of being familiar with the voice; Fourthly, in terms of phonagnosia and hearing conditions, future research can increase the difficulty of hearing conditions, which will make the healthy individuals appear the phenomenon of phonagnosia. At the same time, the behavior performance and corresponding brain area of the patients with phonagnosia can be compared with healthy individuals.